人工智能语言系统开发及其理论研究

人工智能语言系统是机器对人类智能的模拟,使计算机模拟人的感觉和思维过程,具备人所具有的获取信息和处理信息的能力,完成某些本来只有人才能胜任的工作。本文将就人工智能语言系统开发作一个回顾,指出开发的困难与前景,同时提出它的开发须从认知、社会、文化方面加以考虑,即与语言顺应同步开发才比较完善。     

苏州区域高等教育与产业集聚适配性研究

通过对苏州产业集聚现状和发展趋势的考察,预测苏州"十二五"发展期间产业集聚人才需求的规律和特点,分析了高等教育与产业集聚适配性存在的问题,并提出了高等教育改革的具体建议。     

Israel's military public diplomacy evolution: Historical and conceptual dimensions

This study provides an historical overview of the IDF Spokesperson’s Unit (ISU) from the early years of the State of Israel until 2009. Analyzing five periods during which the ISU played a key role in Israel's public diplomacy, this research sheds light on the challenges the ISU faced in different periods and circumstances and examines how the ISU tried to modify its methods and actions in response to geopolitical changes and media development, albeit not always successfully. The study suggests better understanding the adaptation process by applying a three-layer framework for analysis: the tactical layer, the strategic layer and the perceptional layer. The findings of this work demonstrate that in adapting to new circumstances, the ISU focused mainly on the tactical response level, with the result that it did not undertake any review or debate over the need for deeper perceptional changes in ISU policies.     

从文化语境顺应看外来词翻译中汉语字词的选择

以当代汉语中出现的常用英源外来词为对象,探讨了文化语境顺应在外来词翻译中对汉语字词选择的作用,研究发现外来词翻译的成功与否很大程度上取决于其是否顺应中国文化语境,其中中华民族文化心理、思维方式以及汉字文化意义双层因素对外来词翻译中汉字词的选择有着重要的作用。     

少数民族传统文化与自然环境的互动与适应——以金沙江河谷傣族为例

人类同所有动物一样,都面临着适应自然环境的问题,这个环境包括自然环境和人文环境。金沙江河谷傣族在长期迁徙和民族融合的过程中,不断地寻找、选择最佳生存环境,创造了自己独特的文化生长机制。这种文化生长机制建立起人与自然的和谐关系,达到人与自然的完美结合。     

移民的文化适应：宁夏吊庄移民的生育观念调适

以扶贫与保护生态环境为重要出发点的宁夏吊庄移民规划,使居住在宁夏西海固地区的大量回族群众搬迁到了宁夏北部易于得到黄河灌溉的地区。伴随着这样的移民搬迁,回族群众的思想观念必然发生变迁。在移民的各种思想观念中,生育观念的转变体现得最为直接与明显。因此,移民群众在生育观念方面的调适就显得极为重要。移民迁出地的历史传统、文化习俗以及迁入地的社会观念、价值标准．都深刻地影响着移民的生育观念。在这些因素中,迁入地城市文化的影响则是一个极为重要的因素。     

On Old-Fashioned Versus Modern Homonegativity Distinction: Evidence From Poland

Psychological research on prejudice against homosexuals distinguishes between old-fashioned (traditional) and modern (contemporary) homonegativity, which differ with regard to their content, correlates, and consequences. The current research offers evidence for the validity of old-fashioned versus modern homonegativity distinction in the post-communist, East European context. In Studies 1 and 2 (Ns = 295 and 327, respectively) the Polish adaptations of the non-gendered and gendered Homonegativity Scale (Morrison, Parriag, & Morrison, 1999) and the Modern Homonegativity Scale (Morrison & Morrison, 2003) were developed. Furthermore, divergent (discriminant) validity of traditional and contemporary anti-homosexual prejudice was demonstrated. Old-fashioned and modern homonegativity exhibited differential relationships with social distance and support for same-sex couples’ relational rights.     

How organizational characteristics affect the adaptive tactics used by human service nonprofit managers confronting financial uncertainty

The way that nonprofits respond to funding uncertainty is crucial to their ability to meet goals and position themselves for future success. This article investigates how structural, managerial, and financial characteristics affect the adaptive tactics used by human service nonprofits during times of financial stress. These tactics include adding new programs, reducing programs or staff, expanding or starting joint programs, pursuing earned income, and expanding advocacy involvement. Using longitudinal data on human service nonprofits collected on either side of the 2002–2003 economic downtown, we find that larger size provides organizations with a unique ability to choose among different adaptive tactics, as larger size was significantly predictive of adding new programs, reducing programs, expanding advocacy, and pursuing earned income. Strategic planning was positively associated with innovative tactics such as starting joint programs or pursuing earned income. Financial stress or declines in an organization's major funding source led to cutbacks, as expected, but managers who foresaw these challenges were able to respond proactively by adding programs or starting joint programs. However, managers with more training did not respond much differently than did other managers, and organizational age and use of performance management tools had no effect in guiding organizational responses to financial uncertainty.     

委婉语的关联-顺应性研究

委婉语的使用过程就是说话人寻求关联语境,进行动态顺应的过程。说话人的关联假设决定话语方式的选择。借鉴语用研究者所提出的关联-顺应模式,在这一框架下对委婉语进行委婉语进行探讨研究有助于理解和使用自然语言。     

环境匮乏、社会适应性和紧急冲突:霍马-迪克逊环境安全研究述评

环境安全是当代可持续发展的重要议题。在建构环境匮乏、社会适应性和紧急冲突的因果联系过程中,霍马—迪克逊(Homer-D ixon)探讨了环境安全的本体论与方法论问题,对发展中国家的环境安全问题进行了经验研究,并且建立了较为完整的环境安全理论体系。他的研究有一些启发意义,当然也存在一些不足。