加入WTO对江苏农业的影响

加入世贸组织对江苏农业究竟有什么样的影响？为了回答这一问题,我们首先应当了解加入世贸组织要求中国农业做出什么样的让步。目前世贸组织关于农产品贸易的规则是其前身关贸总协定在最后一轮多边贸易谈判即乌挂圭回合上做出的,这些规则将在２００４年前后被新一轮多边贸易谈判达成的协议取代。由于这一原因,加上通常应有的过渡期,主要贸易伙伴在中国加入世贸组织的谈判中提出的条件多半以２００４年为界。因此,我们可以依据这些贸易伙伴提出的条件评价中国加入世贸组织以后农业在短期内可能受到的冲击到底有多大,对江苏农业的影响有…     

当前中国社会的四个利益群体

本文从经济利益关系的角度 ,将当今的中国社会各阶层区分为四个主要社会群体 ,即特殊获益者群体、普通获益者群体、利益相对受损群体和社会底层群体。任何改革都是利益关系的调整 ,都会造成物质利益的得失。本文证明大多数中国人在 2 0年的改革中还是获得了利益的。然而 ,利益获得的多寡是有差异的。本文分析了社会各群体的利益获得和利益相对受损。只有了解了此种情况 ,我们在将改革向前推进时 ,才会使其每一项措施能够尽可能地对于多数人有利 ,尽可能减少改革的负面效应     

Social Skills in Children Adopted From Socially-Emotionally Depriving Institutions

This study assessed social skills in post-institutionalized (PI) children with respect to age at adoption, age at assessment, and gender. Parent ratings of social skills (Social Skills Rating System) and behavior problems (Child Behavior Checklist) were obtained for 214 children and 127 adolescents who were adopted from socially-emotionally depriving Russian institutions. Results showed that children adopted before 18 months of age have better social skills than those adopted after this age; those assessed in childhood demonstrate better social skills than those assessed in adolescence. PI females, especially later-adopted adolescents, have particularly poor social skills. Children with poor social skills tend to have higher rates of behavior problems.     

俄罗斯制度转型中财政分权问题研究

传统财政分权理论认为,地方政府应该承担配置职能,中央政府执行稳定经济和分配职能。这一理论对于转型经济体的适用性是值得商榷的。从俄罗斯制度转型、财政调整、财政分权三者互动的研究中发现,地方政府在宏观稳定和分配方面职能加强。地方政府收入支出不匹配,财政赤字增加,既为地方政府非法获取财政收入创造了激励,又恶化了财政状况,扭曲公共品及服务的配置效率,造成区域间财政不平衡和福利差异,国家宏观经济的不稳定,阻碍了私有化的进程。进一步的改革方向应是审视财政分权管理,建立清晰、透明的预算联邦体系,这依赖于结构调整和经济增长方式转变、政府质量和政府效率的提高。     

大学新生适应阶段的心理调适——一例新生适应不良问题的心理咨询报告

从一个大学新生适应不良问题的案例出发,分析了大学新生常见的心理问题及解决对策,介绍了心理咨询的一些原理、方法和过程。强调在咨询中既要重视发挥来访者的自我潜力,又要重视来访者社会支持系统的辅助作用。     

两种"公地悲剧"的比较与我国国有企业产权调整

对比两种“公地悲剧”的产权结构、成因和解决方式,可以发现产权结构调整与资源配置效率相适应是一个不断的试错过程,有效的产权制度必然促使成本与收益向行为者集中。产权结构调整与产权束调整是产权制度创新的主要方式。无论何种方式的产权制度变革都需遵循一定的规则,其调整的目的是降低交易成本、提高产权效率、增加产权主体收益。     

体育教师在教学评价中的心理状态与调适

采用问卷调查等方法,对山东省部分高校体育教师在教学评价中的心理状态进行研究。结果表明：教师在评价中主要有疑惧、厌烦、紧张、应付、自卫、敏感等心理表现形式;教师的心理表现因职称、学历、年龄等因素的不同其表现程度也不同;通过分析和探讨影响体育教师心理健康的因素,提出了合理调适教师心理状态的途径和方法。     

An evaluation of alternative fiscal adjustment plans: The case of Italy

What advice can be given to the policymaker to reduce the burden of public debt after a crisis? In this situation, the debt consolidation calls for fiscal surplus based on increases in taxes and/or reductions in public spending. This paper aims at answering to the above question. Specifically, it evaluates different policy options on the table using the estimated model of the Italian dynamic General Equilibrium Model (IGEM). Our main message is that plans aimed at reducing the public debt based on tax increases rather than expenditure reductions are more effective. Therefore, consolidation should be designed on the former.     

The Influence of Career Planning on Career Thoughts in STEM‐Interested Undergraduates

Undergraduate career planning courses have shown efficacy in decreasing students’ negative career thoughts; however, universities have minimally applied these courses to science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) populations. This study compared the influence of a STEM‐focused career planning course for undecided STEM students with a seminar course for decided STEM majors. An analysis of covariance with covariate adjustment revealed that undecided career planning students had lower adjusted mean scores on a measure of negative career thinking than the decided STEM majors after the first semester of college. The results provide support for the efficacy of STEM‐focused career planning courses and measuring negative career thoughts with STEM undergraduates.     

Deaf access to justice in Northern Ireland: rethinking ‘Reasonable Adjustment’ in the Disability Discrimination Act

Abstract

This article provides findings of a qualitative study exploring the interactions of eight Deaf participants and one hearing ally with the justice system in Northern Ireland, where the Disability Discrimination Act requires solicitors to make ‘reasonable adjustments’ in order to provide effective access to Deaf clients. Three thematic categories emerged: (a) barriers to accessing justice, (b) work Deaf people do for access, and (c) the need to educate solicitors about access. A central strain ran through these themes: the idea that ‘reasonable adjustment’ must reflect the value of sign language interpreters in facilitating effective communication access for all the parties.