Maternal depression,parental attributions,and adolescent psychopathology: An evaluation using observational and video-mediated recall methods

Parenting styles associated with maternal depression are a risk factor for adolescent psychopathology, and maternal attributional styles may be a key mechanism in this relationship. Mother-adolescent dyads (N = 180; 96 male; ages 10–15) completed in-person interactions and then the mothers participated in a video-mediated recall procedure to assess maternal attributions. Maternal depression was associated with negative attributions. Negative attributions were associated with low parental acceptance, aggressive parenting, and low positive parenting. Positive maternal attributions were associated with less aggressive parenting, and more positive parenting during one interaction task. Adolescent externalizing behaviors were associated with negative attributions. Future research should evaluate whether maternal attributions mediate the association between maternal depression and both parenting behaviors and adolescent mental health.     

The development of emotion regulation in adolescence: What do we know and where to go next?

Emotion regulation is critical for adolescent functioning. Theories on the subject have evolved rapidly in recent years and have led to a more contextualized and dynamic conceptualization of emotion regulation processes. In this paper, based on the distinction between emotion regulation strategies and abilities, we propose future directions for research on emotion regulation development in adolescence. We first present evidence that emotional, cognitive, and social changes that occur in adolescence are central in emotion regulation development. We then review empirical findings on emotion regulation development by tying them to their conceptual foundations. We discuss their limitations and argue that building better conceptual clarity is essential to study emotion regulation. Because current knowledge on recent concepts that emerged in adult-based models remains limited and contested in adolescence, we end this article by discussing new research perspectives to provide a better understanding of the topic. We stress the need for researchers in the field to adopt a more contextualized and person-oriented approach, to combine different time scales and methods, and examine the predictors of emotion regulation as well as its outcomes.     

介观神经动力学的新探索

文章从认识论和方法论角度分析了神经科学的一个新的探索纲领,美国神经科学家Walter J.Freeman教授用非线性随机混沌理论来处理介观脑神经动力学现象的工作,认为Freeman的神经网络的突现模式对于摆脱身心问题二元论和还原论有重要的启发意义     

Research on Divorce: Continuing Trends and New Developments

Research on divorce during the past decade has focused on a range of topics, including the predictors of divorce, associations between divorce and the well‐being of children and former spouses, and interventions for divorcing couples. Methodological advances during the past decade include a greater reliance on nationally representative longitudinal samples, genetically informed designs, and statistical models that control for time‐invariant sources of unobserved heterogeneity. Emerging perspectives, such as a focus on the number of family transitions rather than on divorce as a single event, are promising. Nevertheless, gaps remain in the research literature, and the review concludes with suggestions for new studies.     

When Does Race Matter? Race,Sex, and Dating at an Elite University

This paper unites quantitative and qualitative data from the College Social Life Survey (n = 732) to describe and explain patterns of racial homophily in undergraduate sexual/romantic relationships at an elite university, a closed social setting. It expands the literature on interracial romantic unions by comparing homophily in hookups (uncommitted sexual interactions), dates, and long‐term relationships. Although this population embodies many characteristics associated with greater racial mixing (youth, education, status equality, geographical proximity, racial diversity, independence from family), racial homophily is still strongly evident. Variation in levels of homophily among relationship types and among racial groups is explained by differences in desired homophily, social network segregation, and participation in formal race‐based student organizations. Black students are particularly socially isolated.     

Resistance as a means of creating accountability in child welfare institutions

This paper investigates the identity constructions of youths who are objects of special interventions in the area of child welfare. The aim of the paper was to explore the various dimensions of resistance to institutional identities among youths in special schools and foster‐care institutions. Interviews were conducted with adolescents aged between 12 and 15, identified as having social, emotional and behavioural difficulties. The analysis generates knowledge about society's interventions as well as how adolescents respond to offered institutional identities by adopting different kinds of discursive resistance. The paper highlights the different types of discursive resistance that adolescents use to present themselves as accountable individuals and discusses the importance of considering resistance as a positive force rather than as something that must be defeated.     

Bayesian age-stratified joinpoint regression model: an application to lung and brain cancer mortality

Joinpoint regression model identifies significant changes in the trends of the incidence, mortality, and survival of a specific disease in a given population. The purpose of the present study is to develop an age-stratified Bayesian joinpoint regression model to describe mortality trend assuming that the observed counts are probabilistically characterized by the Poisson distribution. The proposed model is based on Bayesian model selection criteria with the smallest number of joinpoints that are sufficient to explain the Annual Percentage Change. The prior probability distributions are chosen in such a way that they are automatically derived from the model index contained in the model space. The proposed model and methodology estimates the age-adjusted mortality rates in different epidemiological studies to compare the trends by accounting the confounding effects of age. In developing the subject methods, we use the cancer mortality counts of adult lung and bronchus cancer, and brain and other Central Nervous System cancer patients obtained from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results data base of the National Cancer Institute.     

从脑科学的新发展看人文学问题

神经科学的发展已经形成了关于人文学某些经典问题的重新思考或认识。当前的神经科学发现显示： 我们的大脑和意识都是物质性的,意识的身心二元论是不能成立的,应该回归于大脑一元论。大脑很重要的一部分工作是无意识的,但却能很好地完成许多在常人看来需要意识去完成的工作,这种无意识的大脑运作过程也是大脑的一种客观属性。另外,常识心理学中所谓自由意志的存在是很可疑的,大脑在意识到自己作出决定之前已经作了决定,无意识的意志根据环境中发生的情况而作出瞬间的决定,其过程主要由大脑在发育期间所形成的工作方式以及由之后我们所学到的知识（记忆）决定。当然,自由意志是否存在这个重要问题的最终答案还应该来自于未来更多的科学实验。     

韩国器官移植法对我国的启示

韩国器官移植法包含了有关器官移植的所有事项,本文就其中三个问题展开讨论,即脑死亡、器官捐赠的同意以及人体器官买卖的刑法规制,寻求对我国器官移植立法的启示:其一,我国器官移植立法没有必要采纳脑死亡的死亡判定标准,在坚持传统的死亡标准的前提下,在器官移植立法中有条件地允许摘取脑死者的器官行为成为依法令的行为,从而使其正当化。其二,器官捐赠人的有效同意是摘取其活体器官的核心条件,医生必须履行其充分说明的义务。摘取脑死者和死者器官时,即使本人在陷入脑死状态或者死亡之前表示同意,如果其家属明确反对,也不能摘取其器官。本人在陷入脑死状态或者死亡之前,没有就摘取其器官做出意思表示的情况下,只要享有优先顺位的家属表示同意,就应当允许摘取其器官。其三,为了对买卖人体器官的行为进行刑法规制,建议通过刑法修正案的方式规定买卖人体器官的犯罪。考虑到买卖双方的迫切处境,应当对其设置减免刑罚的事由,同时,应严厉打击买卖人体器官的中间人和犯罪集团。人体器官买卖的根源是供体器官来源不足,对其进行刑法规制并非治本之策。

Abstract：

The law of organ transplantation in Korea contains almost all items about organ transplants.This article mainly discusses three questions:the brain death,the agreement of organ donation,and the regulation of criminal law on human organ s trade.It sheds light to the organ transplanting legislation of China:Firstly,we don t have to adopt the criterion of brain death in our legislation.Secondly,the organ donor s effective agreement is the core condition of picking living-organs.Thirdly,in order to regulate the...     

青少年心理健康教育积极培养模式调查研究

以连云港市高级技工学校在校学生为采样对象,运用调查问卷、数据测评、文献综合分析等方法,就青少年的心理健康教育问题进行分析,旨在围绕青少年心理健康教育积极品质培养模式这一主题,研究探讨通过积极心理学的教育方式和实践训练,塑造和培养青少年的积极品质,提高青少年承受、应对挫折和自我调适的能力,