Lesbian and Gay Parents: Their Experiences of Children's Health Care in Australia

This study investigates the experiences of lesbian and gay parents seeking health care for their children within the Australian medical system. Previously unavailable demographic data was collected on lesbian and gay families, and qualitative information was sought from parents about positive or problematic health care experiences related to sexual orientation and family constellation. Ninety-two lesbian or gay parents responded to a national postal and Web-based survey. Eighty-nine percent of respondents reported a high level of satisfaction with the health care received by their children. Despite overall satisfaction, however, 49 percent of parents identified fear of disclosure of sexual orientation, and 27 percent reported negative or problematic experiences with their children's health care related to sexual orientation or family constellation. This study indicates that fear of discrimination and homophobic attitudes towards lesbian and gay families remain a factor within the Australian health care system.     

古代中国司法官的处事风格与角色意识

在深厚的传统法律文化基础上,长期封建集权条件下的古代中国司法官,其司法审判的处事风格和角色意识呈复杂多样性有奉公守法、断狱平恕的循吏;有持法任术、心狠手辣的酷吏.他们追求与充当的社会角色,或是为民伸冤、为民做主、廉洁贤明的清官;或是循循告诫、力行德化、调停诉讼的父母官;或是被社会称为君主之鹰犬、百姓之恶魔的刽子手.     

从家长角度看三峡库区中小学素质教育

家庭教育的滞后性严重制约了素质教育的推进 ,家长们是如何看待素质教育的呢 ?他们对“减负”的认识、家庭教育的困难、孩子的负担重在哪儿 ?家庭教育的现状、家庭教育重要性的认识和态度、以及对家庭教育的主要任务理解等等 ,都有自己的看法。家长们的谈话和问卷调查结果 ,不能不引起人们的思索     

大学家校合作：问题、原因与对策

高等教育进入大众化阶段以来,大学的家校合作活动越来越普遍。目前我国大学家校舍作的常见问题在于合作理念缺乏科学性,合作内容缺乏系统性,合作方法缺乏互动性,合作途径缺乏多样性,合作机制缺乏规范性：其原因是合作活动没有得到组织制度、时间空间和物质奈件等方面的保证。而转变合作观念、改善合作环境、增强合作能力、拓展合作内容、丰富合作渠道是提高大学家校合作成效的有效对策。     

Complicated narratives of ‘Korean-ness’: towards strategic provisionality in parental involvement

The purpose of this paper is to advance the discourse on parental involvement drawing from Butlerian notion of strategic provisionality. In developing a new approach to understanding cultural differences and their relation to Korean parental involvement, the authors analyze qualitative and quantitative data from five New York metropolitan elementary schools. The authors examine the ways in which ‘Korean-ness’ and Korean parental involvement are discursively constructed and embodied in sociopolitical and historical contexts in the United States. We present two themes related to Korean parental involvement: (a) the double-edged component of respect for teachers and (b) biopolitics related to English language and parental involvement. By challenging normalized understanding about Korean-ness, the authors suggest a different approach to ethnoepistemology in order to enrich discourses concerning parental involvement and ethnic/racial studies.     

Mothers and fathers in treatment for methamphetamine addiction—Parenting,parental stress,and children at risk

Parents addicted to methamphetamine (“crystal meth”) are likely to be impaired in meeting parental responsibilities, and the developmental settings can be highly disadvantageous for children. Therefore, parenting by methamphetamine‐addicted mothers and fathers needs further exploration, while considering the impact on children affected by parental substance use. In our study, we analysed parenting practices and parental stress as well as children's behavioural problems using standardized assessments. The sample consisted of 87 methamphetamine‐addicted parents in recovery. We obtained data on parents' current substance use and on their psychological distress. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of children's overall problems. Parents reported high levels of parental and psychological distress, even after achieving abstinence. Especially depressive perceptions of parenthood appeared problematic. While recovering from methamphetamine addiction, parents exhibited a precarious psychosocial situation and problematic parenting behaviour. Dysfunctional parenting practices were evident in both indifferent and overreactive tendencies. Children were at risk of behavioural and emotional problems. Variables associated with parenting showed significant predictive value for children's overall problems, beyond current substance use, and psychological distress. These findings are discussed in terms of a family‐oriented perspective in order to promote parenting capabilities of methamphetamine‐addicted parents and to prevent problematic development of their children.     

Negotiating who gives birth and the influence of fear of childbirth: Lesbians,bisexual women and transgender people in parenting relationships

BackgroundFear of childbirth (FOC) may affect family planning in lesbian, bisexual and transgender (LBT) couples with two potential carriers of a pregnancy. FOC has previously been researched in heterosexual women, while experiences of LBT people have remained unattended. The choice of birth-giving partner in same-sex couples has gained some attention in previous research, but the potential complexities of the decision have not been studied.AimThe aim is to explore how LBT people negotiate the question of who gives birth, in couples with two potential birth parents, and where one or both partners have a pronounced FOC.MethodsSeventeen self-identified LBT people were interviewed about their expectancies and experiences of pregnancy and childbirth. Data were analysed following a six-step thematic analysis.ResultsFOC was negotiated as one of many aspects that contributed to the decision of who would be the birth-giving partner. Several participants decided to become pregnant despite their fears, due to a desire to be the genetic parent. Others negotiated with their partner about who was least vulnerable, which led some of them to become pregnant despite FOC. Still other participants decided to refrain from pregnancy, due to FOC, and were delighted that their partner would give birth. Several participants described their partner's birth-giving as a traumatic experience for them, sometimes also when the birth did not require any obstetric interventions. The partner's experience was in some cases not addressed in postnatal care.ConclusionsIt is important that healthcare staff address both partners’ prenatal expectancies and postnatal experiences.     

基于户外自主游戏的幼儿父母知信行水平及水平组合类型研究

户外自主游戏益于幼儿身心的和谐发展。父母知信行水平均达到高水平时，促进户外自主游戏的顺利进行。笔者通 过经信效度检验的自编《儿童户外自主游戏下父母知信行水平》问卷，选择有户外运动幼儿园的父母作为调查对象，对园内 716 名幼儿父母进行调查发现，儿童户外游戏下父母知信行整体水平较高；知信行三维度中父母的认知水平最高，行为水平次 之，信念态度水平最低。幼儿父母知信行水平总体水平在性别、文化程度和年龄上存在显著性差异；认知水平在文化程度上存 在显著性差异；态度信念水平受家庭子女数量影响；行为水平在不同性别和家庭子女数量上存在显著性差异。笔者根据幼儿 父母的知信行水平，通过快速聚类法对其知信行水平进行聚类组合，并将三种组合类型命名为“价值肯定型”（高认知水平、高 态度信念水平、高行为水平）、“知信行不协调型”（高认知水平、低态度信念水平、低行为水平）、“行为支持迷茫型”（高认知水 平、高态度信念水平、低行为水平），针对三种组合类型的父母提出有针对性的优化策略。     

“幼小衔接”中家长“负能量”转化路径

近年来“幼小衔接”中家长作用如何发挥受到教育界极大关注。由于普遍缺乏正确的教育观和科学方法的引导,在各种宣传的误导下,家长盲目“提前学习”、热衷“超前教育”、对幼儿学习能力和适应能力持怀疑态度,家长积极参加各种“幼小衔接”辅导班,在“幼小衔接”教育过程中传递了“负能量”。应通过提高自身教育素养、积极参与幼儿学习、维护义务教育招生政策、与幼儿园和小学共同合作,家长在“幼小衔接”过程中能够发挥自身的“正能量”。