生命哲学视域下父母参与孩子社会化过程的审思

孩子成长的过程实质就是一个有机生命施展冲动、克服阻碍、不断创造从而得到生命和谐的过程。作为父母如果想参与这个过程，想对孩子获得社会性有所辅益，就必须了解孩子蕴涵生命绵延性质的三条人生主线，就必须适应孩子六个成长阶段的生命律动，就必须清除孩子融入社会洪流的困惑和阻碍，真正用生命的交融去关照孩子，去体验孩子，去帮助孩子，与孩子一起成长，一起生成，创造幸福，一起超越生命，获得生命的圆融。     

Cross-Cultural Validation of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory in Finland: Preliminary Findings of the Study Among Parents Expecting a Baby

ABSTRACT

In order to decrease physical child abuse, measures to recognize parents' abuse potential are needed. In this article, cross-cultural validation of the Child Abuse Potential (CAP) Inventory, an American measure was used to screen child abuse potential in families. Data were collected in 2012 from Finnish families expecting a baby at maternity and child welfare clinics. The data come from 380 families, including 375 mothers and 303 spouses. The validation was conducted separately for mothers and spouses and was based on basic psychometric properties, such as reliability estimates, abuse scale construct validity, and the abuse scale factor structure. The internal consistency of the abuse scale was high among both the mothers and the spouses. There were some differences in abuse construct validity and the abuse scale factor structure compared to the original measure, which was written in English and tested in an American sample. Those differences were, however, similar to those found by other studies that used translated versions of the inventory. In summary, the CAP Inventory was found to be a valid screening tool for professionals to assess parents' child abuse potential in Finnish service settings, and therefore its implementation is recommended in maternity and child welfare clinics. The validation supports the cross-cultural use of the CAP Inventory and future research on the subject.     

‘She is Too Young for These Chores’ — Is Housework Taking a Back Seat in Urban Chinese Childhood?

The child in contemporary urban China is experiencing an increasingly exclusive focus on academic achievement at the expense of non‐academic activities, particularly housework. In‐depth interviews with caregivers (including grandparents and parents) from 9 three‐generational families (n = 34) and parents from 10 nuclear families (n = 20) were conducted. Results show that although children from both family types were low in housework participation, children in three‐generational families were perceived by their caregivers to be less competent in performing self‐care and family‐care tasks. They were also less frequently assigned regular tasks as compared with children from nuclear families. Unlike caregivers from western societies, where children's participation in housework is seen as either a means of socialisation or a source of domestic labour, Chinese caregivers consider housework as a distraction, at best an addendum to academic work.     

全球化时代经营大学要具备的三大观念

在全球化时代经营大学必须具备三大观念,即：企业经营观念,全球化人才观念,学生父母观念。在大学经营中最重要的就是资金与人事管理,管理人员应树立起企业经营的观念。造就21世纪真正的全球化人才,必须要兼备东西方的各种优点才行,只有在开放的思考,开放的思路,开放的知识环境下,才能树立起真正的全球化人才观念。大学是我们这个时代的良心,也是我们这个社会的良心,教授与教职员一定要以学生父母的心情和责任感,教育好我们的学生。     

“善事父母”的传统孝道及其现代转型

＂善事父母＂是传统孝道的价值核心,包含＂孝心＂、＂孝行＂和＂孝法＂等道德要求。其根本缺陷是轻视以至忽视子女的正常要求和发展,由此而产生＂善事父母＂与＂善待子女＂相悖的道德悖论问题。改革开放以来,中国家庭伦理关系发生了巨大变化,如何继承＂善事父母＂传统孝道的合理精神,彰显其现代价值,把＂善事父母＂与＂善待子女＂统一起来,是当代中国家庭道德建设领域一项具有重大现实意义的课题。     

事亲敬养的维度——对儒家“孝生”观念的考察

关于"孝"的论说是儒家思想的一个重要组成部分。该文集中分析了儒家有关"孝生"的一些说法,其中涉及养亲、敬亲的几个基本环节,包括对双亲物质上的供养与精神上的敬顺,以及孝子事亲所应该履行的义务与责任;分析了孔孟与荀子在从父与从义之间,孰者更为优先的问题上所做出的不同选择,进而指出儒家在面临血缘亲情与社会公义两种价值发生矛盾的时候,其立场是如何的游移不定。最后,该文从生命保存与生命延续的角度说明了儒家独特的"孝生"观。     

父母共情水平与幼儿安全感的关系研究

为了了解父母共情水平与幼儿安全感的现状,探究父母共情水平与幼儿安全感的关系,采用台湾地区学者吴静吉等人引进并且修改而成的“中文版人际反应指针量表”和洪艳丽编制的“3-6岁幼儿安全感量表”对随机抽取的河北省400名幼儿和幼儿父母进行了测量,最后得到有效问卷371份(92.75%),所得的数据使用SPSS 23进行了统计分析。主要发现:1)父母共情总体水平(M=3.67)和幼儿安全感总体水平(M=3.56)均处于中等偏上水平。2)父母共情水平在父母性别(t=-5.54,P<0.001),幼儿年级(F=15.33,P<0.001),幼儿是否由祖辈抚养(t=4.81,P<0.001)和幼儿是否为独生子女(F=3.42,P<0.05)上有显著差异;幼儿安全感水平在幼儿性别(t=-4.19,P<0.001),幼儿是否由祖辈抚养(t=3.82,P<0.001)和幼儿是否为独生子女(F=4.35,P<0.05)上有显著差异。3)父母共情总体水平与幼儿安全感总体水平之间呈显著的正相关(r=0.153,P<0.01)。基本结论:幼儿父母共情总体水平越高,幼儿安全感总体水平就越高。因此,提高父母的共情水平是有效增强幼儿安全感的重要途径。     

Coparenting and Father Involvement in Married and Unmarried Coresident Couples

Children can benefit from involved fathers and cooperative parents, a benefit which may be particularly important to the growing population of children born to unmarried parents. This study observes father involvement and coparenting in 5,407 married and unmarried cohabiting couples with a 2‐year‐old child in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort (ECLS‐B). A link was found between cooperative coparenting and father involvement for all couples. Compared with married couples, couples who married in response to the pregnancy and couples who remained unmarried showed higher levels of father involvement and more cooperative coparenting, indicating a potentially greater child focus.     

家长教育立法探究

从家长自身需要、家庭教育以及学校教育改革需要等诸多方面而言,家长教育都有重要意义.家长教育立法可以保障家长教育的顺利有效实施.虽然家长教育立法具有充分的法理基础,但是现实中却存在着阻抗家长教育立法的因素.可以从总则、具体方式、实施策略以及保障条件等几个方面考虑家长教育立法.同时,也要注意与家长教育立法有关的其他法律的完善.     

构建中国特色社会主义亲职制度及其立法

监护制度一直以来是我国民事法律制度的重要组成部分,但随着我国现代社会的发展与变革,传统的监护制度全然不能满足时代的需求。因此,必须首先从我国立法和理论上对监护制度概念界定的弊端入手,厘清我国监护制度的概念界定,完善我国监护制度;其次,我国的监护制度理应回归婚姻家庭法,并建立健全符合中国特色的亲职监护制度,以此来规范并完善我国亲职监护的法律体系。