论农村留守儿童“隐性违法”的伦理治理

农村留守儿童“隐性违法”是一个人们未曾关注到的法律隐蔽角落。它具有侵财性、盲目性、偶发性、暴力性、混杂性和易衍化性等特征明显,主要是由农村社会环境的“灰色化”、留守家庭功能的“失常化”以及教育管理层面的“放任化”等因素综合所致,现已成为了一个棘手的社会治理难题。从伦理治理的维度出发,通过加强家庭、学校和社会的伦理关怀,弥补留守儿童亲情缺失,为留守儿童创造良好的社会化环境,从而为预防、控制和减少留守儿童隐性违法行为发生提供有效途径。     

玉米高产优质育种途径的探索

选育高产优质的玉米新品种,优化粮饲结构,是当今玉米育种的重要课题。提高选育高产预见性的基本经验是:配对亲本要具有“三差”和“三强”特点。“三差”即光敏性差异,籽粒差异、株叶型差异;“三强”即抗主要病害强、抗倒力强、长果穗遗传力强。优质品种的选育主要利用含优质蛋白质和高油基因及选用粗蛋白质高的材料。选育方法上探索了与内部品质相关的简易目测为主的方法,即系统筛选籽粒成熟时胚乳油浸色深、种胚较大鼠喜食者,辅以必要化验分析。     

Family structure,family organization,and quality of family life

This study examines how family organization is associated with the quality of family life for parents in first marriages, remarriages with biological children, and several types of stepfamilies. Data are drawn from the 1987–1988 National Survey of Families and Households; only married couples in which both spouses participated in the survey and who had children under age 19 in the household are considered (N=3,120). Results indicate that respondents in different family structures differ in the perceived quality of parent-child relationships, that differences in family structure are not related to differences in family organization, and that some aspects of family organization are related to marital quality and the quality of parent-chil relationships. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicate that family structure and family organization are independently related to the quality of family life. This research was supported by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Grant R15 HD28198-01. The National Survey of Families and Households was funded by a grant (HD21009) from the Center for Population Research of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. The survey was designed and carried out at the Center for Demography and Ecology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison under the direction of Larry Bumpass and James Sweet. The fieldwork was done by the Institute for Survey Research at Temple University. A previous version of this article was presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Family Relations, Orlando, November 1992. Her research interests include the work/family interface and family policy. She received her Ph.D. from Wayne State University. His research interests include the effects of divorce and remarriage on parents and children. He received his Ph.D. from Ohio State University. Her research interests include adolescents and adoption. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Delaware.     

幼儿家长对幼儿园家教课堂指导期待的调查研究 ——以呼和浩特市公立幼儿园为例

幼儿园是为学龄前儿童实施保育和教育的机构,一方面承担着对幼儿实施全面发展教育的任务,另一方面要服务家长。幼儿家长对幼儿园家教课堂指导的期待是幼儿园调整家园工作的重要依据。本研究主要采用问卷调查法,通过向呼和浩特市13所公立幼儿园的幼儿家长发放近3000份问卷,向幼儿家长了解对家教课堂指导频率、时间、主讲人、内容、形式等有着怎样的期待,在此基础上为幼儿园有针对性地开展家教课堂提供实证依据并提出相应的建议,从而促进家园更好的合作,最终促进幼儿的全面发展。     

Between Abnormal “Otherness” to Groundbreaking “Uniqueness”: The Family-Construction Process of the GLBT Family

ABSTRACT

The GLBT family is a new postmodern phenomenon demonstrating the accomplishments of marginal groups seeking acceptance within mainstream society. The article is based on a qualitative phenomenological study conducted in Israel during 2012, providing a theoretical model combining a vast number of GLBT parenting options ranging from surrogacy, sperm donation, adoption, and co-parenting. The research consisted of 50 personal interviews that concentrated on the family experiences of couples of gay men and lesbian woman who opted to bring a child into their families. Analysis of the data points to a process of empowerment where societal norms in respect to gender, parenting, and family are deconstructed and then reconstructed. The theoretical model conceptualizes three parenting challenges that highlight the respondent’s family experience: “Otherness,” belonging, and self-actualization. Research shows that every period of family life addresses a different segment, where one of the three challenges becomes the dominant experience.     

从"依赖养老"到"独立养老"--独生子女家庭养老观念的重要转变

当代独生子女家庭养老面临着严重的现实困境,主要原因是现实社会已失去了传统中国家庭养老模式的客观基础。在这种情况下,独生子女父母老年保障中一项重要的任务就是转变老年人对子女赡养的依靠与期望的传统观念, 全社会在提倡尊老、爱老、养老的同时,还要开展对独生子女父母的教育和宣传,让他们从观念上变“依赖养老”为“独立养老”,变“依靠子女”为“依靠自己”。     

Positive Connections: a programme for children who have a parent with a mental illness

Mental health professionals working with parents who suffer from a mental illness often overlook the children within the family. Children whose parents are mentally ill face numerous obstacles to their own emotional development and these children are at higher risk for developing mental illnesses than other children. These risks can be decreased if protective or positive interventions are available for the children. This article will describe the development and implementation of Positive Connections, an effective intervention programme specifically designed for children whose parents have been diagnosed with a mental disorder. The effectiveness of this programme has been evaluated using both qualitative and quantitative research strategies, and the results are presented.     

Parent and Peer Effects on Delinquency-related Violence and Dating Violence: A Test of Two Mediational Models

Drawing on two complementary process models of violence, i.e., social cognitive theory and rejection sensitivity theory, the goal of the present study was (1) to examine the unique effects of parents and peers on boys’ violent behavior in delinquency‐related contexts and in dating relationships, (2) to assess the mediating processes underlying these links, and (3) to test whether these processes operate in the same way for delinquency‐related violence and dating violence. Based on a sample of 336 boys, results showed that problematic experiences with parents and with peers each predicted subsequent violence, both in delinquency‐related and in dating‐related contexts. However, the contributions of the social cognitive model and the rejection sensitivity model in explaining these links varied somewhat depending on the situational context of the violent behavior. The implications of the similarities and specificities in the risk factors and pathways leading to delinquency‐related violence and dating violence are discussed.