A latent class analysis of young adult gamblers from the Manitoba Longitudinal Survey of Young Adults

Informed by the Pathways Model, the current study utilized latent class analysis (LCA) to empirically derive subtypes of gamblers based on measures of impulsivity, anxiety, depression, drug use and alcohol dependence. The sample in this study (N = 566) was comprised of young adult gamblers (18–22 years of age) who participated in the Manitoba Longitudinal Survey of Young Adults (MLSYA). Multinomial regression was utilized to examine how demographic variables and participant scores on the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) predicted membership in gambler classes from the LCA. Results of the LCA revealed three classes of gamblers: emotionally vulnerable, non-problem and impulsive. Multinomial regression showed that older age (i.e. 20–22 years of age), lower income (< $20,000 per year), living independently and PGSI scores were associated with increased odds of being classified as an impulsive gambler. Identifying as European, living independently and PGSI scores were associated with increased odds of being grouped in the emotionally vulnerable class of gambler. These results suggest that young adult gamblers are not a homogeneous group but instead are best understood as falling into different subtypes based on shared characteristics outlined in the Pathways Model.     

Adoption of electronic-cigarette-free,hookah-free and American College Health Association recommended tobacco-free policies among a national sample of postsecondary educational institutions

Abstract

Objective: To examine the prevalence of various types of tobacco-free policies among a US national sample of postsecondary educational institutions (PEIs). Participants: A national sample of US PEIs (N?=?605) attended by the participants of the NEXT Generation Health Study. Methods: Tobacco policies of these PEIs were reviewed to determine if they were e-cigarette-free (yes/no), hookah-free (yes/no), and ACHA-recommended tobacco-free (yes/no) in June–December 2017. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationships between institutional characteristics and tobacco policies. Results: Overall, 39.2, 26.0, and 20.0% of the sample adopted e-cigarette-free, hookah-free, and ACHA-recommended tobacco-free policies, respectively. Proprietary PEIs (vs. public) were less likely to have ACHA-recommended tobacco-free policies, while PEIs in the South and Midwest (vs. West) were more likely to have ACHA-recommended tobacco-free policies (p?<?0.05). Conclusions: Most sampled PEIs did not have ACHA-recommended tobacco-free polices. Subsequent research needs to investigate how ACHA-recommended tobacco policies influence tobacco use.     

Adult protection and ‘intimate citizenship’ for people with learning difficulties: empowering and protecting in light of the No Secrets review

The government are consulting on the introduction of legislation to give professionals powers to enter the homes of ‘vulnerable adults’ where abuse is suspected and remove the ‘victim’ without their consent . This article considers the consequences of such legislation for the ‘intimate citizenship’ of people with learning difficulties who have capacity to consent to sexual relationships. Proposals of the consultation are considered in terms of their practical relevance, finding that changes can be made with better guidance, resources, policy implementation and a sound evidence base for adult protection. A case is made that proposals contravene human rights, mental capacity laws and the ethos of personalisation, increasing the focus on risk in practice. An ecological model of vulnerability is supported, which offers an approach that can prevent sexual abuse through empowerment without the need for new legislation.     

Young Adult Carers: The Impact of Caring on Health and Education

Research has shown that young people who care for parents and relatives (young carers and young adult carers) are at greater risk of mental and emotional difficulties and are more likely to do badly at school or college. To explore the difficulties faced by young adult carers (aged 14–25) in the UK, an online survey was conducted. Almost half (45%) of the 295 respondents reported having a mental health problem. The relationship between the extent of caring and perceived mental health problems and the impact of caring responsibilities on work and education were investigated.     

大学生与儿童钢琴学习动机之比较研究

学习动机是推动和维持学生进行学习活动的内部力量和机制.在钢琴学习中,动机同样发挥着非常重要的作用.本文采用问卷调查的方法,对大学生和儿童钢琴学习动机的特点以及形成这种特点的原因进行了系统的分析.另外,本文对大学生和儿童在钢琴学习中的抱负水平及归因特点也作了分析和比较.     

美国欠缺行为能力成年人之监护人培训制度考察及对我国的启示

监护人培训制度是通过法律规定赋予特定民事主体一项权利,随着科学技术的突飞猛进,其在成年监护制度中的作用越来越突出.美国监护人培训制度经过多年的发展与完善,已形成一整套相当具体、完备的规则,作为美国成年监护制度中的一个亮点,其也是许多国家效仿的范本.在现代成年监护制度中,监护人培训制度的重要性越来越明显,其在改革中的发展趋势,可以为我国亟待完善的成年监护制度提供一些有价值的借鉴作用.     

试论成人高校档案资源的社会共享

成人高校档案资源的社会共享,这是一个社会文明的标志。作者认为要实现成人高校档案资源社会共享应该从三个方面着手,即:明确实施档案资源共享的守则;决定实施档案资源共享的职能;提出实施档案资源共享的对策。     

官亭土族男性择偶难及其成因

由于特殊的地理环境、文化结构、民族构成及经济发展水平等因素,造成了近些年来官亭地区男性择偶难的现象,本文在田野调查的基础上对这一现象进行初步探析。认为,官亭地区男性择偶难现象是改革开放以来出现的一种偶然的、特殊的社会现象。从长远来看,它将随着官亭地区土族社会的进步,经济的发展,交通的畅通,文化水平的提高,意识的改变以及与外民族互动的频繁会逐渐消失的。     

西方国家成人教育的发展状况及其启示

文章对当前西方国家成人教育的发展概况进行论述,认为其主要特点有:办学的自主性、办学内容丰富以及形式的多样和灵活化。在此基础上指出了我国成人教育存在的问题,提出了解决问题的对策建议,以及西方国家成人教育对中国发展成人教育事业具有的重要启示。