异化劳动：“内卷化”现象的本质及其纾解

深入考察“内卷化”现象的本质、成因,为进一步实现劳动解放,向着共产主义社会的自由自觉劳动迈进提供了现实依据。劳动力成为商品是“内卷化”成为异化劳动的起点;拜物教观念扩大了“内卷化”的异化性质;资本主义由于生产资料私有制无法摆脱“内卷化”的异化劳动本质,而社会主义具有扬弃“内卷化”异化劳动本质的社会基础,进而实现劳动的解放。因此,社会主义初级阶段引导人们树立正确的劳动观,实现科学劳动和有序竞争,必须继续坚持走中国特色社会主义道路,坚定共产主义信仰;还原拜物教的本质,超越物化追求,树立个人全面发展的价值观念;关注人与人之间的同一性,重视社会关系的构建与自然环境的保护,实现个人、社会和自然的共同进步。     

农户个体决策与农民经济组织的内生性——超边际视角下的农民经济组织

单个农户在分工协作中能够获得"1 1>2"的分工经济,通过特定的经济组织来安排单个农户的分工协作就会实现这种分工经济。但是,组织中的单个农户与其他经济主体必然存在着交易费用。当交易费用超过了分工协作的经济性,单个农户就不会选择加入经济组织。地方政府往往不能充分理解单个农户对经济组织中交易费用和相对价格的考虑,这导致了大多数农户不愿选择加入"模式"型的经济组织。因此,地方政府要以自身的分工特征合理融入农民经济组织发展的各个阶段。     

Does the availability of child care influence the employment of mothers? Findings from western Germany

There is a vast empirical literature investigating the effects of child care costson female employment. Day-care costs are usually treated as a reduction infemale wages and are supposed to reduce a woman's propensity to participatein the labor market. In this paper we argue that an analysis of the effects ofchild care on the employment of mothers in Germany should focus on theavailability rather than the affordability of care, due to peculiarities of theGerman day-care regime. Our empirical findings cast doubt on the effectivenessof the current German day-care regime. Specifically, we question the extent towhich it enables mothers to participate in the labor market.     

论农业剩余劳动力的浅层次转移

目前 ,我国农业剩余劳动力转移面临的困境是 :1 .供给量过大 ;2 .城市就业压力增大 ;3.乡镇企业吸收能力减弱 ;4 .农民自身素质低下。在这种背景下 ,引导农业剩余劳动力实现就近就地的浅层次转移就变得非常必要和实际。要实现浅层次转移就应注意发展高质量农业 ,大力发展农村工业和第三产业 ,完善劳动力的流迁机制     

“九五“期间中国的就业问题研究

失业问题已成为目前经济发展中棘手的难题。本文结合当前失业现状和就业形势,深入细致地分析了失业问题的不利影响及原因,从而提出了一些可行对策,旨在为解决失业问题提供思路。     

农民工上向社会流动空间分析

对于整个中国社会而言,农民工阶层的上向社会流动是事关城乡协调发展实现共同富裕、优化社会结构、保持社会稳定、扩大内需拉动经济发展等宏观目标得以实现的重要因素之一。因而我国必须尽快解决农民工阶层"凝固化"倾向所带来的社会问题,令广大的农民工上向社会流动为全社会带来更大的价值。     

我国城镇劳动力配置二元结构及其转换

本文提出我国城镇劳动力配置的二元结构表现在就业体制二元性,工资收入调节双轨运行,城乡劳动就业区别和户籍壁垒三大方而.认为其主要原因是国企改革与劳动力退出障碍互为因果,体制内就业者的既得利益刚性,社会保障制度改革滞后和劳动力供求严重失衡.在此基础上对转换二元结构的目标、途径、过程、模式选样作出论证,最后从促进企业家市场和工资市场化,实施再就业工程,完善社会保险制度,缩小劳动力供求差距和改革户籍制度等五方面提出相应对策.     

Expediting youth's entry into employment whilst overlooking precariousness: Flexi‐employability and disciplinary activation in Hong Kong

With an emphasis placed on supply‐side interventions such as skills training and incentives enhancement, active labor market polices (ALMPs) are strongly promoted by international organizations and widely adopted across different welfare regimes to boost employment rates. This article first presents the under‐examined relationship between ALMPs and employment precariousness, which has posed a challenge to the neoliberal notion of employability and activation. Youth‐focused employment policies tend to speed up employment entry whilst downplaying the risk of precariousness and the importance of job quality, and thus further reinforcing the belief that engaging in precarious employment is tolerable if not inevitable. The article then examines the case of Hong Kong, which illustrates that its relatively low rate of youth unemployment may conceal the unfavorable employment conditions confronted by youth. It is argued that the service‐led employment policies and short‐term vocational training define the employability of young workers in terms of labor flexibilities. The coined phase of “flexi‐employability” is characterized by promoting youth's readiness for, and adaptability to, the volatilities and changing demands of the labor market. Arguably, the disciplinary approach to youth activation would only strengthen the work‐first principle by enforcing young people to take up jobs available and leave welfare as soon as possible, but without thoroughly addressing the risks and insecurities generated by the labor market in undermining their well‐being.     

《易经》文学化品质的三维结构

《易经》是一部文学化的哲学著作。结构维域下其具有言、象、意等三个层面的成分构成,具有语音的韵律性音乐性、字词含义的精练性多义性、阐义释理的形象性生动性、载道寓理的蕴藉性丰富性等文学品质。对《易经》进行文学化结构成分分析,可以使人感受《易经》与后世文学的契合和交流关系,彰显其文学品质价值。可以拉近《易经》与读者之间的心理距离,使《易经》获得更多的文化观照。但目前相关方面的研究并不系统充分,对此有探讨研究的空间和必要。     

Corporate Quotas and Symbolic Politics in Advanced Democracies

ABSTRACT

This article identifies trends in the adoption and implementation of quotas for corporate boards, an underresearched topic in political science. Corporate quotas—like legislative quotas—constitute the “fast track” to gender equality but appear more commonly in advanced democracies. These corporate quotas fall into three categories: laws covering all companies; laws covering state-owned companies only; and nonbinding (voluntary) measures in corporate governance codes. Despite on-paper differences, these corporate quotas are largely toothless. First generation corporate quotas, like first generation legislative quotas, operate symbolically. By raising the specter of stringent legislation in the long run, corporate quotas induce firms into voluntary compliance in the short run.