论集体腐败的经济学根源

集体腐败是当今社会中的一个严重问题,根据公共选择与集体行动理论,人们的利己主义动机与经济租金相结合,促使公共权力与经济财富之间互相交换,并通过小集体活动的方式表现出来,这是导致集体腐败的根本原因。因此,完善市场经济体制,加强各种监督机制,加快反集体腐败的立法,强化道德约束等等,是当前遏制集体腐败的有效对策举措。     

财产时效取得论──物权制度研究(二)

取得时效是民法物权制度的重要内容．探讨取得时效的价值功能、构成条件等理论问题,对建立和完善我国的取得时效制度具有重要意义．     

小农生产的社会行为逻辑与制裁意欲的表达层级——基于广西宗族性村庄的考察

观察农民日常生产和生活中存在的制裁机制如何运作,是了解村庄整合度、农民集体认同与行动方式,把握村庄社会秩序的生产和维持的重要切入口。在中国的宗族性村庄中广泛存在的小农社会行为的一致性,是通过“协商缺失的被动协同”和“小农社会的行为制裁”两种方式达成的,其根本差异在于多数农户对少数不一致者的行为是否存在制裁意欲。然而制裁意欲并不必然能够转化为针对少数不一致者的有效制裁行为。小农制裁意欲的表达因制裁效度的不同而表现出明显的层级序列结构。宗族性村庄浓密的血缘和地缘关系,一方面阻碍小农制裁意欲表达层级的上升,但另一方面也使少数不一致者仍对宗族精英、村庄精英和村庄舆论的规训和制裁存在戒惧心理,成为使宗族性村庄的内生制裁机制仍能在某种程度上发挥效用的最后保障。宗族性村庄的制裁机制对乡村振兴战略背景下的村庄治理也会带来有益启示。     

我国网络问政中政府公信力不足问题研究

随着改革开放的深入,我国社会各阶层公民意识崛起,公民政治参与积极性空前高涨,而互联网为大众的政治参与提供了宽广的平台,高涨的参与热情与宽阔的互动平台相结合使中国社会迅速进入"网络问政"时代。但受个别公务员存在认识误区、政府信息不透明、相关责任追究和监督机制缺失等因素制约,政府在网络问政过程中的公信力缺失问题越来越严重,因此,应提高政府的网络问政的能力,加速完善网络问政系列制度建设,实现问政的制度化、机制化、规范化。     

商会的产生机理:一个利他主义的解释

对于只提供集体公共产品的商会来说,如果行业内的企业都是利己主义者,且加入商会完全自愿,则"搭便车"的行为会使得集体行动无法实现,商会的发生机制亦将成为难解之迷。假如行业中存在利他主义的企业,其利他行为将使其他企业意识到行业的共同利益,从而抑制各自的机会主义倾向。利他主义者的存在起到了一种"凝结核"的作用,他们除了付出物质上的代价去增进行业的共同利益外,还会付出时间和精力去游说其他企业,推动行业的集体行动。多数行业的市场结构是不完全竞争的,企业规模参差不齐,一些规模较大的企业对于通过集体行动来获得合作剩余有着更强烈的需求,为了增进自身利益和整个集团的利益,这些规模较大的企业会成为商会的发起人。     

论行政公诉制度

行政公诉是相对于行政自诉而言的,它以平衡论为其理论基石.行政公诉制度扩大了行政诉讼的受案范围;增加了行政诉讼人的类型,对于制衡行政权,保护弱者有极其重要的意义.     

关于中国农民经济理性的纷争

纯粹理性对任何经济主体都是一种经济假说。由于农民所处的特殊环境 ,传统的观点认为农民是缺乏理性的 ,这种观点在国际上受到舒尔茨、塔克斯等理性论者的批判。中国自然经济历程较长 ,农民受传统文化影响较深 ,非理性的特征应该更为明显 ,但实证性研究材料表明 ,农民甚至包括贫困农户的经济行为仍然是理性的。当然 ,农民经济行为是否理性的争论还在继续     

Postmigration Living Difficulties,Help-Seeking and Community Resilience in the Initial Stages of Migration: Coproducing Community Practice with Recent Irish Migrants to London

This article describes a community-based participatory action research (CBPAR) project that examined the postmigration living difficulties (PMLD), help-seeking and community resilience of recent Irish migrants to London (n = 176). The majority of respondents were young adults, in managerial or professional occupations and in good or very good health. Mixed methods indicate inadequate planning for relocation and poor social support as the main difficulties in the initial stages of migration. Community factors promoting resilience included employment opportunities, local and transnational supports, and cultural familiarity and acceptance. Community participation in the action orientated phase of this CBPAR is discussed.     

Exploring the Ebbs and Flows of Community Engagement: The Pyramid of Engagement and Water Activism in Two Canadian Communities

In this article, we share results from a comparative study exploring the dynamics of community engagement surrounding local water advocacy organizations in two Canadian communities. Although emergent local issues and the perception of crisis triggered some short-term community engagement, social factors such as collective identity, a sense of community, and sense of efficacy appear to be more important for sustaining and deepening engagement. Drawing on the results, we show how the pyramid of engagement, by depicting activist engagement as a multilevel, developmental process, can serve as a useful tool for community engagement scholars and practitioners alike.     

Armchair detectives and the social construction of falsehoods: an actor–network approach

ABSTRACT

This paper examines two large-scale cases ? the 2013 Boston bombing and the 2015 Bangkok bombing, each of which spurred an online investigation conducted by concerned citizens to find the bombers. While both bombing cases had different cultural discourses, the processes and outcomes of the online investigation were similar: there were rampant speculation and rumor-mongering, as well as false accusations and harassment of innocent suspects. The aim of the paper is to understand how such acts of mob justice happened. Using actor–network theory, a theoretical and methodological tool for mapping out the networks human and non-human interactions, I discuss two types of networks found in both investigations. The two network types demonstrate how a claim can be construed as fact or fiction through such networks of interaction. In light of debates on the proliferation of fake news and alternative facts, the findings have implications for the current and precarious state of truth in today’s society.