What future for the Global Aid for Trade Initiative? Towards an assessment of its achievements and limitations

As with any form of contemporary global governance, the impact of the global Aid for Trade Initiative (2006) has been mixed. However, to dismiss it as a failure would be premature. The co‐ordination system established was based on best‐practice techniques of governance in a diverse non‐hierarchical environment, such as the international development community. This form of co‐operation cannot overcome global economic and political asymmetries, but it can be effective in several respects. In particular, the Initiative led to increased funding for AfT and kick‐started a range of initiatives and technical advances; while the monitoring process has evolved significantly to give voice to new actors and issues. Although the future of the AfT Initiative is uncertain, its achievements merit careful consideration.     

Policy Experiments,Democratic Ownership and Development Assistance

In an effort to enhance the impact of development aid, recipients are called on to provide democratically sustained ‘ownership’ for development policies, and donors to align their interventions with these ownership‐dictated strategies of their partners. This article illustrates the weaknesses of such an approach. From a political‐economy perspective, severe tensions exist between concepts of democratic ownership, on the one hand, and the experimental and iterative organisation of a society's encompassing interests in democratic settings, on the other. These tensions are even more pronounced in emerging democracies, making democratic ownership as a prerequisite for aid effectiveness an illusion, and provoking the re‐emergence of traditional donor‐recipient problems.     

Making Development Assistance More Effective Through Using Political‐economy Analysis: What Has Been Done and What Have We Learned?

Politics often explains where development assistance has been effective and where it has not. Yet, until the 2000s there has been little focus by development agencies on political issues. This has recently begun to change with political‐economy analysis (PEA) now being more systematically used by development agencies to understand the real world. Nigeria and Bangladesh are two positive examples. Much remains to be done in these countries and more widely, to ensure stronger uptake of PEA. On the supply side this includes getting the ‘product’ right, and better communicating the message. On the demand side, there is a need to take more account of the incentives facing development agencies and to gather more systematic evidence on the operational impact of PEA to date.     

汶川震后心理危机的早期干预：文献综述与评价

汶川抗震救灾的经验表明：震后相当比例的人会出现心理应激障碍，对此应进行适当的早期心理干预，并以预防PTSD为主要目标，可采取心理急救、严重事件应激晤谈、认知行为疗法、眼动脱敏再加工技术等方法进行。     

Women,Legal Aid and Social Inclusion

This article examines access to legal aid for women in light of the Australian government's social inclusion agenda. It is notable that the government's image of social citizenship does not include the ability to invoke and enforce legal rights, and that discourses of social exclusion have paid relatively little attention to gendered patterns of exclusion. The article reports on a study of applications for and refusals of legal aid for family law, domestic violence and anti‐discrimination matters by socially excluded women in Queensland. It demonstrates the variety of ways in which Legal Aid Queensland's grants process operated to further exclude and marginalise these women. It argues that effective access to legal aid is an important element of social inclusion, but that this goal cannot be achieved by reliance on the tools of New Public Management.     

台湾对外经援的政治因素分析

对外经援是台湾参与国际事务的重要手法,服务于特定的政治及经济目的。自二十世纪五十年代以来,台湾的对外经援活动已逐渐建立机制完备、制度化程度高的运行体系,在政治上成为"务实外交"的工具,在经济上促进了台湾的海外贸易,为海外私人投资项目培植了社会基础。台湾对外经援经过数十年积累,形成以双边经援为主,以多边经援为辅,与对外投资相互补充,以化解政治压力为目的等特点。     

杜鲁门政府对南斯拉夫政策探析

1948年苏南冲突的发生,为美国冷战开始后确立的分化瓦解苏东集团政策提供了契机。在美国的东西方贸易管制体制下,杜鲁门政府制定了对南斯拉夫的NSC18号系列文件。这些文件的形成与实施标志着美国对南斯拉夫经济援助与军事援助政策的形成。利用南斯拉夫分化瓦解苏东集团,促进南斯拉夫的亲西方倾向,是美国对南斯拉夫政策的实质与特点。     

美国1965年教育立法和联邦援助教育观念的转变

教育作为一项公共事业接受政府援助在现代社会是十分普遍的现象。但在美国宪政体制下,由于联邦主义者担心联邦的援助会造成联邦对教育的控制和地方侵权,因此教育长期以来是州和地方的事务。这个观念的突破是在经过了50年代的教育危机和1965年的两个教育立法才实现的,它对美国教育发展具有重要意义。     

浅论西方援助协调与合作的开端

20世纪50年代末60年代初,西方发达国家开始在对欠发达地区的援助政策进行协调与合作,最初主要的协调集中在援助的数量、质量、效率以及束缚援助等问题上,并通过双边协调与建立＂发展援助委员会＂等多边途径来进行。这些协调与合作对扩大西方援助的规模和效率、促进欠发达国家的发展产生了积极的作用。     

Bailouts: The lesser of two evils?

This paper investigates the relation between bailouts and regulation. Regulation, by limiting the room for government intervention in the market, can affect the likelihood and size of a bailout. While a higher level of regulation is associated with a lower likelihood of a direct acquisition, such countries resort to a higher use of State aid. The findings suggest the more transparent nature of direct acquisitions, makes them the lesser of two evils. In this light, policymakers should monitor State Aid and bailouts together, with the aim of making the former more transparent.