Assessing the effects of monetized food aid on: reproductive behavior in rural Honduras

This article describes the methodology and findings of a study undertaken to assess whether the monetization of non-emergency food aid has adversely influenced national family planning program efforts in Honduras. Due to time constraints, an ex-post, non-equivalent group design was the strongest feasible study design. In the study, women receiving food aid in the form of cash coupons were compared with women receiving food rations and a third group of comparable women who were not food aid recipients on three types of outcomes: recent fertility, fertility preferences, and contraceptive use (both current and intended). A ‘sample selection’ model was used in the analysis to control for unobserved differences between comparison groups. No compelling evidence for either adverse demand- or supply-side effects was observed.     

论邓小平的哲学思维方式

邓小平理论作为当代中国的马克思主义,不仅仅体现在丰富的理论内涵上,更离不开其独特的思维方式。在深入学习邓小平理论的今天,应注重把握邓小平在分析问题、解决问题时所运用的哲学思维方式。笔者认为,邓小平的哲学思维方式主要体现在条件性、整体性、实践性和超前性四个方面。邓小平的哲学思维方式是对马克思主义哲学认识论及现代思维科学的极大丰富和发展,亦为我们提供了分析问题的崭新视角     

咏花诗在“园林树木学”教学中的运用

园林树木学是园林专业的一门重要专业基础课,引用咏花诗可以作为该课程的辅助教学手段之一。论文认为那些侧重于表现客观自然的咏花诗是授课过程中引用的主体,并通过实例阐述了描述园林树木观赏特性和景观营造两个方面的咏花诗的引用在帮助学生理解课程内容和活跃课堂气氛中的作用。同时,指出了咏花诗引用应注意贴切、通俗、精炼三要点。     

Brazil's International Development Co‐operation: Old and New Motivations

Brazil has entered the world of development assistance, but with its own twist. This article argues that Brazil is taking a cross‐government policy approach to the provision of development assistance, and which includes recruitment of business interests. There is a genuine concern with global poverty alleviation in Brazil, but this does not preclude policy‐makers from using aid and development‐related activities to advance national interests. The added quirk that sets Brazil apart from Northern counterparts is that the provision of development assistance offers significant benefits in terms of building up international bureaucratic experience inside the country and helping national firms internationalise their market activities.     

A shift in Western development agency thinking? The case for second best

This review essay illustrates a turn in Western development agency thinking in two recent publications intended for development agencies and African “reformers,” by authors with long careers in Western development institutions. Both publications explicitly reject – at least for the short to medium term – a comprehensive “good governance” approach to development. Subsequently, a publication entitled Violence and Social Orders, authored by three American scholars with an interest in the role of institutions in historical change, is reviewed since it is a crucial influence in the consolidation of this turn in thinking. This new Western approach is more restrained in its ambition to introduce new governance institutions in the developing world. This implies that it is prepared to tolerate what it considers to be imperfections in both the state and the market, viewing these as a second best result (in the short to medium term) in exchange for greater chances of realising positive development outcomes over the long term.     

Good Governance as Managerialism: Rationalisation and International Donors in Vietnam's Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector

Donors’ appreciation of their relationship with Vietnam as a ‘mature development partnership’ requires explanation. Drawing on Rural Water Supply and Sanitation policy, the article argues that the success of donor collaboration with Vietnam is based on Vietnamese political culture coincidentally aligning with a managerialist ‘world culture’, presently extant in the form of neoliberal ‘good governance’ development orthodoxy. The article shows that Vietnam ‘delivers’ rationalised development policy to international donors through its system of state administration and planning, the implementation of target‐oriented planning and the role of statistics in the policy process. The strength of the ‘darling’ partnership is explained in relation to this cultural dimension of legitimacy creation through the performance of rational development planning and administration.     

浅谈公立医院医疗慈善救助基金的设立

在2006年全国卫生工作会议上首次明确提出公立医院要建立医疗救助基金。医疗慈善救助基金的建立有十分重要的现实意义,是解决目前公立医院欠费困扰、切实帮助弱势人群的需要;是顺应国际惯例,为慈善资金帮助医疗弱势人群搭建平台的需要;是解决民政部门实行的医疗救助基金医院无法受益的需要;也是树立公立医院良好的公益形象,为合法赞助提供渠道的需要。文章分析了基金建立的可行性和面临的主要困难,提出了基金的建立、管理、募集等一系列设想。     

Domestic institutions and foreign assistance in Haiti: Requisites for economic development

Considering institutional and geographic explanations for economic development, the institutional thesis is relevant to explain the historically weak governance structure, even as there have been robust foreign assistance efforts for development in recent years. Taken together, the weak role of the state and low levels of human development are evidence of the challenges. Reviewing the post‐colonial legacy of Haiti, and its impact on economic development, this article discusses the lack of an integral state resulting in weak institutions. Especially since the earthquake in early 2010, the international development community has been an essential partner for reform initiatives, which will require accountable and inclusive domestic institutions to be effective.