Anaemia following initiation of androgen deprivation therapy for metastatic prostate cancer: A retrospective chart review

Objective. Haemoglobin levels often decline into the anaemic range with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). We conducted a chart review of patients receiving ADT for metastatic prostate cancer to assess anaemia-related symptoms.

Methods. 135 stage IV prostate cancer cases were reviewed for treatment type; haemoglobin values before and after treatment; and symptoms of anaemia. Mean haemoglobin levels before and after for all treatment forms, for leuprolide alone, and for combination leuprolide/bicalutamide were calculated and evaluated for significant differences. The numbers of patients developing symptoms were recorded and the effects of specific therapies evaluated.

Results. For all ADT treated patients, mean haemoglobin declined by ?1.11 g/dL (p < .0001). Leuprolide-alone treated patients had a mean decline of ?1.66 g/dL (p < 0.0001). Leuprolide and bicalutamide combination treatment caused a mean decline of ?0.78 g/dL (p = 0.0426). 16 of 43 patients had anemia symptoms. Contingency analysis with Fisher's exact test shows patients receiving leuprolide therapy alone versus other forms of ADT were significantly less likely to have symptoms (χ² = 0.0190).

Conclusions. The present study confirms that ADT results in a significant drop in haemoglobin levels into the anaemic range. A number of patients become symptomatic from this change. Practitioners should monitor haemoglobin levels, and treat symptomatic patients.     

Discursive imbalance and deficiency in intercultural news communication

Intercultural news communication has become increasingly common in our current era of globalization. But why are certain topics and certain modes of speech adopted in news making rather than others, leading to discursive imbalance? Why are alternative modes of communication often excluded when news travels from one culture to another, causing discursive deficiency? We take a constructivist approach in this paper to examine intercultural news discourse, using examples from previous research and especially from reports on a controversial canine regulation in Beijing in 2006. By analyzing selected news accounts from both Chinese and American media, we attempt to elucidate the discursive power processes involved in this case and draw general lessons about intercultural news communication overall.     

从儿童认知理论看儿童电视节目的定位缺失

以儿童认知理论为切入点,分析我国儿童电视节目的存在现状,进而提出我国儿童电视节目提升的关键在于对受众、对节目本身的精准定位,而精准定位的准确切入点便是儿童成长过程中心理发展的优势需求。     

优化税制 启动消费需求

我国内需不足的原因是由于居民的可支配收入减少、收入差距扩大、心理预期不良以及消费观念滞后。对税收与内需关系的探讨和税制结构相应调整分析可知:应调高个人所得税起征点;调整个人所得税的税率;改利息税的比例税率为累进税率,允许一些特定的税收优惠;结构性调整现有的税种,并将一些新的税种纳入我国税收体系。只有充分发挥税收政策优势,改革和完善现行税制,才能切实拉动内需,推动经济增长。     

对毛泽东两类不同性质矛盾理论的反思

毛泽东的两类不同性质矛盾理论在今天已经显得不足。随着社会的发展,两类不同性质矛盾范畴对社会矛盾概括的不完全性日益凸显,公民范畴的缺失使正确区分和处理两类不同性质的矛盾失去可靠的保证,关于两类矛盾的性质和解决方法的理论正为实践所修正。     

我国科学精神缺失的现状与对策——基于传播学视角

科学精神在社会中的弘扬程度是衡量一个国家精神文明发展水平的重要标志.我国现阶段科学精神的严重缺失不仅是一个理论问题,而且是一个亟需解决的实践问题.为此,基于传播学视角,应用系统科学方法,从科学传播系统的组成要素以及历史与社会环境等方面的角度,分析了科学精神缺失的主要原因,指出弘扬科学精神必须转变科学传播观念,调整和疏通科学精神的传播渠道,加快教育改革,积极营造适于科学精神传播的社会环境.     

1999年国内扩大内需问题研究综述

本文就 1999年内我国经济工作者对扩大内需问题的研究做了一番综述 ,从消费需求不振、投资需求不振及体制方面存在的障碍等方面入手综合分析了导致内需不足的成因并总结了学者们提出的政策建议和相关对策     

机遇与权威——清末新政的“先天之痛”

清末新政是晚清政府发起的最后一场带有自救性质的改革运动。它的最终失败自然有多方面的因素,其中历史机遇的多次丧失和中央权威的急剧衰落,构成了清政府在推行新政过程中先天不足的软肋。     

以快制慢——高科技产业竞争的特点

面对竞争日趋激烈的市场环境 ,高新技术企业不仅要注意“适者生存”,更需要注意“快者生存”。企业的管理者要把时间或时机当作竞争的资源加以重视。抓住适当的时机 ,占据适当的位置是保证在竞争中处于优势的关键所在     

对一种研究模式的置疑

对中国近、现、当代文化研究和中国现代文学研究中长期为人们运用的一种二元对立的基本研究模式提出置疑，认为这种基本模式及三种分模式对人这一文化主体严重漠视，有着巨大的缺陷，在实践上也有局限性；着重指出文化和文学的选择是一种个人性行为，提出了重新考察中国现代文化和文学发展进程的新角度以及“对应点重合论”观念，强调在中国现代文学史上起关键作用的，并不是学习外国和继承传统的问题，而是中国现代知识分子自身创造力的发挥问题。