On the optimality of rao's statistic

This paper establishes the asymptotic optimality of Rao's

test within a very wide class of tests that Includes the likeli hood ratio test and Wald's test. An expression for the defici¬ency of the tests in this class relative to Rao's test has also been obtained     

The aging male: the Asian perspective

Introduction: Issues of men’s health have been greatly researched by scholars in recent decades. At men’s health clinics, many patients complain of both insomnia and aging males’ symptoms (AMS). These symptoms might be influenced by biological, psychological or even social factors. The aim of this study was to investigate different aspects of the relationship between insomnia and aging symptoms. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 231 males from a men’s health clinic. Participants completed a set of general data and screening assessments, including the AMS rating scale, insomnia severity index (ISI), Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II) and Beck anxiety inventory Chinese version (BAI), to investigate the severity of aging symptoms, insomnia, depression and anxiety. Results: The ISI correlated significantly with the AMS scale, both with (partial correlation coefficient?=?0.470) and without (r?=?0.580) controlled variances of depression and anxiety. Using linear regression, aging symptoms were statistically predicted by the severity of the ISI, and a substantial proportion of the variance was explained (adjusted R²?=?0.410). When all variables were included, this proportion rose to 55.3% (adjusted R²?=?0.553). Conclusion: We suggest that insomnia is a good predictor of aging symptoms across all age groups of men.     

蒯因论标准逻辑出了什么问题－读沈有鼎先生《初基演算》的体会

沈有鼎先生的《初基演算》建立起了标准逻辑的两个原则 ,即是否源于初基演算和是否具备完全性。而蒯因在建立标准逻辑时仅仅考虑了完备性问题。相比之下 ,沈文更有价值。     

Transversal European survey on testosterone deficiency diagnosis

Background: Despite being one of the relevant public health threats among ageing men, testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) is under-recognized and under-diagnosed. Objective: To assess current clinical practices of European physicians regarding diagnosis and management of TDS compared with current guidelines. Methods: Postal survey conducted June–November 2008 in France, Germany, Italy and Spain among urologists, endocrinologists and general practitioners to collect information regarding knowledge of TDS. Results: Among 801 respondents, the majority of endocrinologists and urologists had received training on TDS, either initially or as part of continuous medical education. TDS was recognized by 86.5% of physicians as a true clinical entity, and estimated the prevalence at 10–15% of the male population; 73.5% considered that symptoms and a low level of testosterone were required for diagnosis. Treatment preferences were quarterly intramuscular injections (26.3% of physicians), percutaneous gels (23.9%), matrix patch (21.2%), semi-monthly injections (15.4%) and oral therapy (13.4%). Adverse effects of testosterone replacement therapy, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer, were a concern for physicians. Conclusions: TDS management appeared to be close to that recommended in international guidelines. Signs and symptoms of testosterone deficiency were fairly well known, but some diagnostic and treatment variations were observed.     

The influence of comorbidities on the aging males’ symptoms scale in patients with erectile dysfunction

Objectives: To investigate if certain common age-related comorbidities are related with a positive aging males’ symptoms (AMS) test outcome.

Methods: This was a multicentric, transversal, observational study carried out in a male population with erectile dysfunction. Comorbidities and testosterone levels were registered. The relationship between comorbidities, testosterone levels, and the AMS test outcomes was studied using the global score and the sub-scale score components.

Results: The study included 1112 patients. In the multivariate analysis the global score strongly correlated with TT?p?Conclusion: Although the AMS test is related to low levels of testosterone, it is also of some limited use for diagnosing hypogonadism because it has low specificity and is influenced by pathologies that are frequent during ageing.     

Nursing Home Deficiencies: An Exploratory Study of Interstate Variations in Regulatory Activity

This study examines nursing home regulatory activity by the states, assesses interstate variations in the volume and severity of nursing home deficiencies, and explores state-level factors that may account for these differences. Nursing home deficiency citation data over a 5-year period (2000–2004) were obtained from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. We examined interstate variations in regulatory activity and identified predictors of deficiency volume and severity at the state level (demographics, elected officials, industry characteristics, etc.) using the linear mixed model. Deficiency volume remained stable across the 50 states from 2000 to 2004, while deficiency severity decreased significantly. California had the highest volume of deficiencies per nursing home; Wisconsin had the lowest. New Hampshire had the highest percentage of severe deficiencies; California had the lowest. Higher deficiency volume was found in states with lower median household income, a lower proportion of residents aged 85 and older, and a Democratic legislature. Higher deficiency severity was associated with higher median household income and a higher proportion of Medicaid nursing home residents in a state. In contrast, greater state agency funding, higher state standards for nursing home administrators, and a Democratic and more professional legislature predicted lower deficiency severity. Nursing home residents in the United States receive unequal protection from abuse and neglect, and this is partly due to their state of residence. Interstate variations in deficiency volume and severity are due to a complex set of factors beyond nursing home quality.     

Clinical experience with the new long-acting injectable testosterone undecanoate. Report on the educational symposium on the occasion of the 5th World Congress on the Aging Male, 9–12 February 2006, Salzburg,Austria

This symposium report summarizes first extensive clinical findings with injectable testosterone undecanoate (Nebido®) in hypogonadal patients showing clinical symptoms of androgen deficiency with or without erectile dysfunction (ED). This new testosterone formulation (1000 mg testosterone undecanoate in 4 ml castor oil) possesses nearly ideal long-term kinetics, i.e. sustained close mimicking of eugonadal testosterone serum levels without supra- or sub-physiological serum concentrations. The generally accepted administration scheme recommends the second injection 6 weeks after the first one followed by further injections every 12 weeks. Applying this regimen, administration intervals are drastically reduced in comparison to conventional i.m. testosterone preparations (e.g. about 16 injections of testosterone enanthate vs. 4–5 injections of testosterone undecanoate per year). Depending on the testosterone serum levels, individualized therapy is possible by shortening (every 10 weeks) or prolonging (every 14 weeks) the injection intervals. In hypogonadal patients with ED 58% respond to testosterone undecanoate alone. Best results are seen in diabetic hypogonadal patients. The regimen of injectable testosterone undecanoate administration ideally fits recommendations regarding pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety monitoring.     

高校网络道德失范及其规正新探

信息网络普及化与网络道德建设的滞后性,已经成为高校道德建设中一个十分突出的矛盾和急待解决的难题。高校的网络学术道德、网络交往道德和信息选择的价值取向失范严重。规正网络行为势在必行。加强网络教育是网络道德健康发展的首要基础;完善校园网络是提高网络道德水准的重要保障;健全行为规范是避免网络道德"越轨"的关键措施。     

重建证券市场信用的思考

重建证券市场信用是规范和发展证券市场的重要措施,通过对证券市场信用缺失表现的探析不难发现,证券市场上"违约有利"、信用制度不完善等是造成证券市场信用缺失的主要原因。因此,重新对证券市场的功能进行定位、建立证券市场的监管体系、加强证券市场的法律法规建设、建立证券市场信用体系是重建证券市场信用的关键所在。     

马王堆帛书天文文献辞书学价值述略

《汉语大词典》是目前国内外颇具影响力的大型语文辞书,今利用马王堆帛书天文类文献《五星占》和《天文气象杂占》从释义等四个方面指出其不足之处,以供《汉语大词典》修订时参考。