试论精神分析学与人本主义心理学在组织行为管理中的殊途同归

精神分析学和人本主义心理学虽然理论取向和研究路径各异,但在如何引导个体心理行为趋向组织行为方面赋予的思想启示却异曲同工。文章分别截取“不同性质的人性解释”、“早期经验”与“缺失性需要”、“自我实现”与“超我”三个角度着力论述了二者在组织行为管理中的殊途同归。二者的交叉渗透、相互融合有助于管理思想及管理艺术的形成与发展,从而有助于帮助管理者更好地实现组织目标。      

伦理学语境中的网络语言

作为一种新兴的语言模式,网络语言与传统的社会语言相比,具有道德主体的自主性趋势更强、道德体系的开放性范围更广、道德意识的自律性要求更高等伦理特点。网络语言在传播和运用过程中凸显出语言本身的污染、语言内容的虚假、网络媒介的道德缺失以及被迫接受者的道德失范等伦理问题。加强网络语言伦理建设,需要采取整合不同文化背景的网络语言伦理、实施有效的网络语言伦理教育、强化网络语言的伦理过滤与技术监控、完善网络语言伦理的法律监管机制等措施。     

我国驰名商标反淡化保护立法研究

淡化是一种严重侵害驰名商标权利人利益的侵权行为,我国驰名商标反淡化保护制度在商标淡化行为的概念界定、商标淡化行为的表现形式、认定标准、法律后果的承担等方面还存在立法上的空白。基于对商标权人利益的保护,应当从以下两方面完善驰名商标反淡化立法：将驰名商标淡化理论纳入《商标法》,明确驰名商标淡化的法律性质;明确驰名商标淡化行为人的民事法律责任。     

论商业贿赂行为的法律规制

“商业贿赂”作为一种不正当竞争行为,也是腐败的重要表现。它不仅破坏了市场经济的公平竞争秩序、损害了广大消费者的利益,而且影响了我国市场经济的健康发展。而我国反商业贿赂法律概念界定不够清晰、法律规定不够完善使得商业贿赂的治理面临种种困难。本文分析了现有法律规定的不足,并通过对美国、德国和香港的反商业贿赂法律比较,对我国反商业贿赂的法律规定和制度设计提出建议。     

理想的困惑与现实的异化:对大学生诚信缺失的探讨

本文从多种角度分析了大学生诚信缺失现象、原因和危害。认为大学生诚信缺失是一个客观存在的社会现象,但一直被学术界所忽视,该现象导致的直接后果是大学生诚信缺失的加剧和对我国社会主义市场经济建设的不利影响。本文还提出了一些解决该问题的对策。     

浅论SARS现象及道德缺损问题

SARS传染性疾病的出现 ,引发了许多社会现象 ,它已经超过了一种疾病应有的影响力。 SARS现象形成的一个重要因素 ,就是公民道德素质中的社会公德的缺损问题 ,倡导全社会加强社会公德建设。     

Measures of mortality in the study of individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus in the UK haemophilia population

Two statistical issues that have arisen in the course of a study of mortality and disease related to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the haemophilia population of the UK are discussed. The first of these concerns methods of standardization for age and it is shown that, when the mortality of HIV-infected individuals with different severities of haemophilia are compared, an analysis based on the ratio of observed to national expected deaths suggests that mortality in HIV-infected individuals depends on the severity of their haemophilia. This conclusion is inappropriate and mortality in HIV-infected individuals is, in fact, similar regardless of severity of haemophilia. The second part of the paper discusses the effect of using various end points for studies of survival and progression of HIV-related disease. In the present example it was possible to calculate relative survival in HIV-infected individuals, i.e. survival after correcting for mortality expected in the absence of HIV infection. An analysis based on absolute survival gave a very similar picture of the effect of age at infection to an analysis based on relative survival, whereas an analysis based on the time to diagnosis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) underestimated the effect substantially and the possible alternative end point of time to AIDS or HIV-related death was shown to be subject to considerable misclassification error.     

Modeling U‐Shaped Exposure‐Response Relationships for Agents that Demonstrate Toxicity Due to Both Excess and Deficiency

Essential elements such as copper and manganese may demonstrate U‐shaped exposure‐response relationships due to toxic responses occurring as a result of both excess and deficiency. Previous work on a copper toxicity database employed CatReg, a software program for categorical regression developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, to model copper excess and deficiency exposure‐response relationships separately. This analysis involved the use of a severity scoring system to place diverse toxic responses on a common severity scale, thereby allowing their inclusion in the same CatReg model. In this article, we present methods for simultaneously fitting excess and deficiency data in the form of a single U‐shaped exposure‐response curve, the minimum of which occurs at the exposure level that minimizes the probability of an adverse outcome due to either excess or deficiency (or both). We also present a closed‐form expression for the point at which the exposure‐response curves for excess and deficiency cross, corresponding to the exposure level at which the risk of an adverse outcome due to excess is equal to that for deficiency. The application of these methods is illustrated using the same copper toxicity database noted above. The use of these methods permits the analysis of all available exposure‐response data from multiple studies expressing multiple endpoints due to both excess and deficiency. The exposure level corresponding to the minimum of this U‐shaped curve, and the confidence limits around this exposure level, may be useful in establishing an acceptable range of exposures that minimize the overall risk associated with the agent of interest.     

Effects of oral testosterone undecanoate therapy on bone mineral density and body composition in 322 aging men with symptomatic testosterone deficiency: a 1-year,randomized, placebo-controlled,dose-ranging study

Abstract

Objective: We investigated the effects of oral testosterone undecanoate (TU) on bone mineral density (BMD), lean body mass (LBM) and body fat mass (BFM) in aging men with symptomatic testosterone deficiency (TD).

Methods: Three hundred twenty-two men ≥50 years with TD symptoms and calculated free testosterone <0.26?nmol/L participated in a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients were randomized to placebo, oral TU 80?mg/d, oral TU 160?mg/d, or oral TU 240?mg/d, administered as divided doses with normal meals. BMD of the hip and lumbar spine were evaluated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and body composition (LBM and BFM) by whole body DEXA.

Results: Oral TU significantly increased BMD at Month 12 at the lumbar spine (240?mg/d), total hip (240?mg/d), and trochanter and intertrochanter (160 and 240?mg/d) compared with placebo. Oral TU significantly increased LBM at Months 6 and 12 for all oral TU groups compared with placebo. BFM significantly decreased at Month 6 (all oral TU groups) and Month 12 (160?mg/d) compared with placebo. The effects on BMD and body composition showed a clear dose response.

Conclusions: Treatment with oral TU led to improvement in BMD, LBM and BFM in aging men with symptomatic TD.     

Mission Statement

Aim.?To investigate sex hormone and androgen receptor (AR) levels and to evaluate their relationship with diabetes mellitus (DM) in senile men.

Methods.?The cross-sectional study included 492 elderly men comprising 104 healthy subjects (mean age 71.4 ± 5.2 years), 259 subjects without DM (71.5 ± 5.0 years) and 129 DM patients (73.0 ± 6.3 years). Plasma concentrations of total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), estradiol (E₂), luteinising hormone) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were determined. AR-positive cells were measured by flow cytometry.

Results.?TT concentrations were significantly lower in the DM group (13.8 ± 4.7 nmol/l) than in the healthy (17.1 ± 6.1 nmol/l) and non-diabetes groups (15.8 ± 6.0 nmol/l; all P < 0.01). FT, SHBG, AR-positive proportion (AR%) and AR fluorescence intensity showed a decreasing trend among the healthy, non-DM and DM groups, but the differences were not significant. TT, E₂, E₂/testosterone and SHBG were negatively correlated with blood glucose. SHBG was positively correlated and TT and AR% were negatively correlated with the course of DM. Logistic multiple regression analysis revealed that age, waist/hip ratio, FSH, SHBG and AR% are potential risk factors for DM.

Conclusions.?Low levels of TT, SHBG and AR may be potential risk factors for DM in elderly men.