Redefining antiracism: Learning from activists to sharpen academic language

People have fought against racism for as long as it has existed and yet it persists in diverse and materially impactful ways. The primary challenge to eradicating racism is likely the power of white privilege. This paper argues that another important obstacle to progress has been the lack of a clear definition of antiracism that movement activists and scholars can collaboratively use to ensure that antiracist scholarship and efforts meet the full measure of the term's intention. While academia has struggled to converge on a definition, “lay race theorists” and movement activists—Black women in particular, have been participating in discourse online and through other venues where consensus appears to be developing around a definition. This article attempts to summarize activist discourse in defining antiracism as “the commitment to eradicate racism in all its forms” and individual antiracism as “the commitment to eradicate racism in all its forms, by (1) building an understanding of racism and (2) taking action to eliminate racism “within oneself, in other people, in institutions, and through actions outside of institutions,” noting that “antiracism is an ongoing practice and commitment that must be accountable to antiracist Black people, Indigenous people, and other People of Color and consider intersectional systems of oppression.” While research on the public conversation benefits from its easy access and limited additional burdens on movement activists, future research should test these definitions with movement activists to ensure that definitions and metrics are as relevant to the antiracist movement as possible.     

Have Japanese People Become Asexual? Love in Japan

This article examines changing romantic relationships in contemporary Japanese society. It specifically investigates whether Japanese people in their twenties and thirties have become asexual; that is, whether they tend to have few sexual experiences or interests. Data were collected through an internet survey; this article uses a subsample of 9,940 respondents. The dependent variables were the number of lovers respondents had during and after junior high school; the independent variable was the respondents’ age. Regression analyses found a clear trend toward asexual behavior among young men (in their twenties and thirties). However, young women are not as asexual as the previous generation. This asexualization of men may have contributed to Japan’s sharply declining marriage and birth rates. If so, other Asian societies may learn lessons from Japan’s experiences in the future.     

Measuring Heterosexual LGBT Ally Development: A Rasch Analysis

An instrument was developed that measured heterosexual persons' level of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) ally identity. Using a Rasch analysis, 2 dimensions were observed: (a) internal and interpersonal and (b) activity. Persons with high levels of LGBT ally identities endorsed items about having LGBT knowledge, attitudes, and skills; having interpersonal experiences with LGBT communities; and including LGBT ally as part of their identities. The instrument met criteria for the content, substantive, structural, generalizability, and responsiveness validity. The instrument can be used to assist persons to develop their abilities to support and advocate for equality for LGBT communities.     

Adversarial Allies: Care,Harm, and Resistance in the Helping Professions

Professional encounters bestow moral esteem upon professional helpers while denigrating those who access services. Yet society is arranged in such a way that professional services are indispensable for many to survive, and service users can experience them as simultaneously helpful and oppressive. We explore the ambivalent figure of the professional “adversarial ally” working within these systems through accounts from two research studies that straddle or resist the common-sense line that separates care from harm. Professionals need to acknowledge how we are experienced as adversaries in order to better forge relationships of solidarity or “alliance” with those using social and medical services.     

1945年日本对苏外交失败述评

二战结束在即，在内外交困的情势之下，铃木内阁上台。在结束战争的方式上，日本寄希望于通过苏联从中斡旋达到体面的求和，以东乡茂德为首的主和派由此而展开了一系列外交努力。先是通过与苏联驻日大使马立克的接触表达日本政府意欲通过苏联调停的意向，后又有意派遣特使赴苏联代表天皇和苏联谈判，准备以大幅度领土利益上的舍却为代价，换取苏联的居间中立，不参加对日作战。苏联早在雅尔塔会议时期间，已经得到罗斯福若干承诺，并答应美英两国欧洲战事结束后将在远东战场上对日作战。最终，8月8日苏联对日的一纸宣战书，使日本对其寄予的希望成为泡影。     

东西文明碰撞中的明治日本文人——中村敬宇的中国观与汉学观

19世纪后半期,中日两国的世界认识以及两国之间的相互认识都随着东亚国际形势的巨变而发生变化。明治日本政府与民间的对中国论也逐渐由共同抵抗西方的"日清同盟论"而发展为"脱亚论"志向的思潮与蔑视性的中国论。然而,在形形色色的中国论中,也存在着以和平友好为基调的中国论。明治日本代表性的知识人中村敬宇的中国观即是一个典型。以中村敬宇为焦点,考察其文集与日记等原始资料,中村敬宇的中国观以及他对传统汉学的认识。中村立足于国际和平主义,号召和平、对等、友好地对待中国,在明治欧化热的潮流中,呼吁"汉学不可废",强调传统汉学对近代化建设所起到的精神文明建设之作用。     

企业结盟竞争若干问题的思考

结盟竞争是企业拓展生存空间，提高经营实力的一种竞争战略与策略，近年来受到中外企业家的广泛关注，并且已经成为企业竞争的新趋势。针对当前企业结盟中的具体问题，指出结盟竞争应遵从共利共存、合作成本最小化、严格履行承诺、双向沟通的原则，并论述了结盟竞争的主要形式及应注意的事项.     

1947-1948年美国对日政策的转变及其影响

二战结束后 ,美苏冷战加剧 ,美国对日政策也发生了巨大转变 ,由原来“以非军事化和民主化为中心的改革”转变为“积极扶植日本复兴” ,而 1947— 1948年是美国对日政策转变的关键时期。冷战与美国对日主导思想的变化、日本国内经济和社会状况、美国国内因素等三方面因素影响了美国对日政策的转变。美国对日政策的转变 ,它确立了美日冷战盟友关系 ,对美、日国内政治以及中国的内战形势都发生了重要影响     

Professional Allies: The Storying of Allies to LGBTQ Students on a College Campus

This article details the narratives of faculty and staff involved in a lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) ally organization at a large southeastern state university. We illustrate how interview participants diverged from organizational literature on how to be an ally by offering a different narrative, one of professional responsibility to a diverse student body. We expound upon how this notion of professional responsibility differs from most models for understanding ally development and action. We suggest that from an organizational standpoint, these professional ally self-concepts make sense and should be taken into account when building ally organizations in educational settings.     

传播历史美的总结

传播是人类的活动,它有悠久的历史,推动人类由动物世界进入人类世界,由野蛮时代进入文明时代。而随着社会生产力的发展,社会物质文明和精神文明的进步,美学则成为一门渗透力很强的学科,对美的追求也成为各门类学科普遍的社会实践。传播在人类文化素质日益提高的今天,不仅要给人类提供丰富的信息,而且要提供更加精美的精神食粮。文章从传播学与美学相结合的角度,对传播史上的五次革命,以及传播学的产生和发展做了总结和阐述。