论诺思的制度变迁理论

美国华盛顿大学经济学教授、新经济史学的代表人物诺思的制度变迁理论,在西方经济学界有很大的影响,传入中国后很快为中国大多数经济学家所接受。该理论具有重大的理论价值和实践意义。文章首先介绍制度和制度变迁这两个概念;然后阐述制度变迁理论的主要内容;最后谈该理论对我国改革的启示。     

清初治滇述论

清朝初年,特别是平定“三藩之乱”后的二三十年间,是云南实现由乱到治的关键时期。清朝统治者在总结和借鉴历代治滇思想和治策的基础上,经过不断调整、充实,逐步形成了一套相对完整的治滇治策体系,其治策涉及云南的政治、经济、文化等领域,较为切合当时社会发展的实际,成为其后清朝统治云南的治边思想和治策。     

Changing Gender: The Discursive Construction of Equal Opportunities

This article provides a discursive perspective on the dilemmas of sameness and difference feminisms and their consequences for change projects. It explores how equal opportunity officers dealing with gender issues and introducing equality legislation in practice construct the meaning of equal opportunities. The analysis of the interpretative repertoires and ideological dilemmas drawn upon in ten interviews shows the highly context‐specific use of four different repertoires constructing gender equality: the sameness, difference, bandwidth and deconstructive repertoire. Interpreting the shifts between repertoires from the perspective of the ideological dilemma, new avenues for change are explored. The article concludes that the simultaneous use of all possible theoretical perspectives might be a worthwhile objective.     

当代中国价值观念的变迁及其现实选择

全球化使当代中国价值观念的变迁凸显出多样性和复杂性,其表现为:价值取向从整体向个体的转变,价值追求从道义导向向利益导向的转变,价值标准从一元性向多元性的转变。面对多样而复杂的价值观念,必须赋予主导价值观以时代内涵,建构新型集体主义。     

“推力”、“拉力”之外更需“助力”——中国农民工市民化之历史蜕变途径浅探

中国城市化进程中数以亿计的农民工在农村之“推力”与城市之“拉力”下,进入城市,他们能否完成由农民到市民的历史蜕变,是关系到我国的现代化与和谐社会建设的重大问题。由于后发展国家政府导向的前瞻性与我国的国情及时代之要求,我们不能走西方国家的自然转化之路,只能发挥后发优势,由政府与社会对此历史进程加以“助力”,使之在较短时间内顺利完成此历史蜕变。     

科学执政、民主执政中的依法执政基本途径

依法执政或依法行政,作为执政方式最为直接、最为具体的基本实践环节或途径,在相当范围内反映着科学执政、民主执政的实现程度。这取决于《行政许可法》不打折扣地坚决实施,政府的依法执政职能方式从重管制向重服务转变;职能范围从“全能”向“有限”回归;职能性质由“专断”走向真正“民主”;职能习惯从主观随意转向严格的法治。     

基于BPR的组织学习

BPR是组织在适应快速变化环境中最常用且最具革命性的方法,它能很好地促进组织进行创新性学习。本文旨在聚焦于BPR活动中的项目组和指导委员会来研究BPR在项目初始、分析和再设计阶段中通过流程定位和确定顾客偏好来促进组织学习问题,从而提出并建立一种组织学习的BPR方法促进论。     

不同视角下的企业战略变革

从20世纪80年代后期开始,人们开始从不同理论视角和运用不同的方法对企业战略变革进行研究,并取得了丰硕的成果。本文拟对企业战略变革的不同视角研究成果进行归纳和总结,主要包括战略变革的理性视角、学习视角、认知视角、演化视角、制度视角、复杂科学视角和共同演化视角,并在此基础上总结了企业战略变革理论研究的趋势。     

聚合物波导折射率渐变型Spot-size converter设计

围绕光致折射率变化聚甲基苯基硅烷高分子光波导，设计了新型的折射率渐变型Spot-size converter，可有效改善光纤与光波导的端面耦合效率．BPM仿真计算显示，耦合效率由78％提高到91％，为器件制备提供了理论依据．     

A construal level analysis of organizational change processes

To effectively manage planned change and understand differences in leaders’ and recipients’ responses to it, it is essential to understand how change is cognitively represented by organization members. In this theory-development article, we draw upon construal-level theory (CLT) and conceptually explore the role of change construal level in explaining responses to organizational change. We discuss differences between change leaders’ and recipients’ change construals, and differences in the relationships between change construal level and the response to change as a function of the change activities taking place. Specifically, we argue that high-level (i.e., abstract) construals of change will facilitate the effective initiation of change when the focus is on equilibrium-breaking activities, and that low-level (i.e., concrete) construals will facilitate the effective implementation of change when the focus is on institutionalization of the change. We further propose that leaders’ engagement in visionary leadership increases the likelihood that their generally higher level construal of change will be integrated into recipients’ change construals, elaborating and elevating them, and that recipients’ engagement in upward prohibitive voice behaviors will increase the likelihood that their generally lower construal of change will be integrated into leaders’ change construals, elaborating and concretizing them. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of our framework.