试论继续教育对教师素质的现代转换

继续教育是我国为实现现代化尤其是教育现代化、人的现代化所进行的新型教育。本文从知识经济与教育现代化的背景上论述了继续教育对教师素质进行转换的必要性、基本内涵、基本内容以及转换的方向。     

Identifying and implementing pathways for organizational change – using the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families as a case example

Change within social work organizations is incessant. This has implications for senior managers and elected members who have to manage these changes. The Department of Health has introduced new guidance entitled the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families ( Department of Health 1999a ). The guidance is based on a number of principles that require an attitudinal shift in terms of assessing ways of safeguarding children and promoting their welfare. This paper describes strategic approaches to the effective introduction of the framework within social services departments and other child welfare organizations. Two models have been adapted from practice: the actual framework for assessing children and their families and the Protchaska and DiClementi model of change. These models complement each other. The adapted Assessment Framework provides a structure to assess the readiness of the organization for the implementation of the new framework. The model of change provides a schema for planning, implementing and reviewing the introduction and operation of the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families. Although the focus of the paper is the introduction of the new guidance , the models can be utilized by senior managers in any social care organization who are facilitating major changes in the organization.     

世界人口格局中的中国人口转变及其特点

20世纪 50年代以后的中国人口转变与西方传统人口转变有许多不同之处 ,具有自身的特点 ,即转变的迅速性、控制干预性、不彻底性、不稳定性、不平衡性。把握新时期稳定低生育水平的决定是将我国人口转变进行到底的重要措施和手段 ,是实现人口可持续发展的重要步骤     

浅议当前农村养老保障体系中的缺陷和问题

目前农村家庭养老矛盾重重 ,面临农村养老保障由家庭养老向社会养老逐渐过渡的问题。在统筹社会养老基金时 ,应考虑农村养老保障体制转换成本问题 ,应由集体经济和国家负担部分转换成本。家庭养老以精神激励为主 ,但也要实行有效的监督。社会养老基金统筹可采用浮动制的收费办法 ,以弥补保费收缴水平偏低的矛盾     

晚明科场风变与士人科举心态的演变

明代科举体制的相对完善,并未从根本上解决科举竞争压力、内外廉考官权力的不对等与试文的程式化等内在弊端。随着晚明科举流通机制的日渐壅滞,这些弊端也日渐显露,导致了舞弊、权力寻租及揣摩等科场风变的泛生。科举取士公正与公平性的削弱,使基层士人之科举生存环境渐趋恶化,并促动了士人科举心态由"中和恬退"向"燥竞"与"游离"的转化。     

美国医疗保障制度的变迁及启示

现代意义上的医疗保障是工业社会转型的产物,它是由政府为社会成员的疾病医疗、健康关怀提供必要的保障,使民众能够积极应对疾病风险,防止因病致贫和因病返贫,促进社会和谐发展。因此,它在国家社会保障体系中始终占据极其重要的地位。作为世界上经济最为发达的国家,美国实行了以医疗保险为核心、具有自身独特性的医疗保障制度,这种制度在50多年的变迁过程中也产生了许多问题引起了美国历届政府持续而艰难的改革。他们的改革理念及改革措施也许能够对当前中国城乡医疗保障制度的建立健全提供一些有益的借鉴。     

钱钟书和马一浮学术态度比较

“不开宗派不为师”,是钱钟书和马一浮两位学术大师共同的学术态度,虽然具体缘由不尽相同,但都植根于中国古代“为己之学”的传统。     

Bootstrapping Malmquist Indices for Danish Seiners in the North Sea and Skagerrak

In connection with assessing how an ongoing development in fisheries management may change fishing activity, evaluation of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) change over a period, including efficiency, scale and technology changes, is an important tool. The Malmquist index, based on distance functions evaluated with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), is often employed to estimate TFP changes. DEA is generally gaining attention for evaluating efficiency and capacity in fisheries. One main criticism of DEA is that it does not have any statistical foundation, i.e. that it is not possible to make inference about DEA scores or related parameters. The bootstrap method for estimating confidence intervals of deterministic parameters can however be applied to estimate confidence intervals for DEA scores. This method is applied in the present paper for assessing TFP changes between 1987 and 1999 for the fleet of Danish seiners operating in the North Sea and the Skagerrak.     

大众化高等教育制度变迁的模式选择和路径选择——制度视角的文献述评

从制度的视角,以社会学习化和学习终身化为制度背景,通过文献研究法,探讨大众化高等教育制度变迁的模式选择和路径选择。作为制度的大学是有效的大众化高等教育制度变迁的关键,是构建大众化高等教育资源生态系统的主体。在模式选择方面,我国大众化高等教育制度变迁处于转型期,应考虑路径依赖,进行以诱致性制度变迁为主导的渐进式改革。在路径选择方面,可以考虑借鉴美、英、日高等教育大众化的经验,先以非学术性高等教育为"初级行动团体",进行制度突破,再适时发现制度变迁的"次级行动团体",促成制度变迁。     

政策变迁中公益牺牲与社会义务之调适——以城镇小区配套幼儿园移交政策为例

公共政策变迁中由于涉及对私主体财产权的拘束而执行困难,并影响政策目标实现的情形,在实践中屡有发生。城镇小区配套幼儿园移交政策就集中反映了此类问题。由于城镇小区配套幼儿园原所有者财产权之取得具有长期的政策背景,而产权移交又涉及其权利减损,进而出现政策执行困难。究其原因,是基于公共利益需要而产生的特别牺牲,与财产权的社会义务之间存在冲突。前者的不可期待性与后者的可期待性之间界限模糊。调控与助推理念的适用有助于调适二者的关系,促使利益调控成为行政法的基本任务之一,进而建构以比例原则、依法行政原则和溯及力标准为主要内容的调适标准,使公共利益维护和私人利益保障之间尽可能平衡,进而推动公共政策目标的实现。