美国俚语映射的社会文化心理

美国俚语的生成、使用和广泛流行映射出美国人的社会文化心理。本文从社会语言学和社会心理学的视角分析了美国俚语的人际关系调节功能,美国俚语与性别的关系,以及美国俚语蕴涵的人们对社会文化现象所持的态度和情感。     

Cohabitation in the United States and Britain: Demography,kinship, and the future

Cohabitation is a rapidly changing aspect of family life in the United States and Britain. This article describes the demography of cohabitation, considers the place of cohabitation in the kinship system, and speculates on the future of cohabitation. I argue that three processes—cohort replacement, socialization that occurs when children live with cohabiting parents, and social diffusion—will foster continued increases in rates of cohabitation. These processes are also likely to increase variation in the types of cohabiting relationships that couples form. Understanding the meaning of cohabitation in the kinship system requires distinguishing between individuals' attitudes about their own relationships and the composition of cohabiting unions at the population level.     

对“劳务租赁”用工制度的法律探讨

劳务租赁为近几年在国内新兴的一种用工制度,劳动关系较为复杂.通过对劳动关系与劳务关系的法律性质比较分析认为,劳动力不应成为租赁的对象,用工单位与被派遣的劳动者之间应属于劳动法律关系,应对这种用人单位以规避法定义务、损害劳动者合法权益的用工行为予以禁止.     

浅谈我国高等会计教育观念的转变

近年来,我国的高等会计教育改革成果显著,但由于长期受传统教育观念的影响,仍然存在一些弊病。本文阐述了高等会计教育应树立的几点新观念。     

电子商务的发展改变了原有的公共关系

电子商务的飞速发展,对原有的公共关系内容发生着深刻的影响,使其在速度、客户关系、品牌的从新定位、互联网、企业文化等五个方面发生了深刻变化,以一种新的视角展示了新经济条件下公共关系的内容。     

Individual and organizational strategies for coping with organizational change

During times of significant change to organizations in strategies and structures, employees can experience high levels of stress as their jobs, areas of responsibility and roles also change. Yet research is curiously silent about how people react to organizational change, especially towards promoting healthy responses to change. As a first step to outlining areas for future research this paper considers a range of individual and organizational strategies that may be effective in reducing employee stress and related problems. Prior to the implementation of these strategies, however, organizations must empower employees to adopt the role of change agent and encourage them to take action to solve the problems that stress them. At the individual level, employees can respond to the stress created by organizational change by using problem- and emotion-focused strategies. Also important in coping with change are the personal resources of employees, including a sense of hardiness, beliefs about having control over their work environment, and the availability of social supports within and outside the organization. Although few organizations fully acknowledge their role in helping employees cope with change, there are a number of initiatives that organizations can pursue. Several strategies are discussed in relation to communication, leadership, job-related tasks and stress management programmes.     

大跃进中的政治变迁与文化大革命的起源

大跃进中,党取得在政治体系的绝对地位,中共政治由此在大跃进中发生三大变化。以组织、思想为取向的官僚政治的形成,使得政工干部习惯和擅长的群众动员成为中共的主要行为手段,为在文化领域革命中引入群众动员打开了缺口;之后群众动员在经济领域遭到失败,但充斥于大跃进中的乐观主义和盲目自信使得中共政治的重心转向经济领域之外,在文化领域发动革命成为可能选择。并由于大跃进的失误,党内分歧激化并公开化,而解决分歧的方式也由“文明准则”变为严厉的政治斗争,使得打击党内的“走资派”渐渐提上日程,中国政治日益偏离正常轨道。文化大革命的原因和诸多特征和内容都可在大跃进中窥见端倪。     

中国会计制度的变迁与发展

中国会计制度的社会地位是由经济制度的状况与社会进步的要求所决定的。经济体制的改革和企业经营的全球化拓展改变了我们的会计定位。会计准则的国际趋同已经或即将成为中国会计制度变迁的重要方向。     

Tobacco control and smoking cessation efforts in an inner-city African American community

This paper describes the conceptual framework that guided the development and implementation of a large-scale, community-based health initiative to lower the prevalence of smoking in an urban African American community. This project developed culturally-sensitive approaches to reducing smoking in the community and to promoting tobacco control efforts developed and implemented by community members. A randomized clinical-trial methodology was used to test the efficacy of the culturally-sensitive, community-developed smoking cessation interventions in lowering smoking rates as compared with a self-help approach. Two theoretical models guided the intervention strategies: a macro-level model applicable to the community as a whole, and a psychological process model applicable to individuals. The community model was based on community systems theory and incorporated the Readiness for Change Model, which was applied in both the individual and organizational models. In addition, culturally-sensitive data collection methods were developed to improve the reliability and validity of project data, especially in determining the smoking prevalence rates and smoking behaviors of hard-to-reach, inner-city African Americans. Since the health of individuals is related to the health of their communities, smoking cessation and tobacco control activities that are integrated into the framework of the community (i.e., churches, city-council, housing developments, community organizations), and incorporate culturally-relevant and specific interventions can be effective methods for achieving behavioral and societal change.     

茅盾作家论之流变刍议

在茅盾长达半个世纪的文学评论活动中,作家论型文学批评的创作为后世文学发展确立了一定的规范,具有鲜明的个人特色和深远的影响。通过对茅盾的七篇作家论及其创作背景的分析,不但可以辨析这种文体的演进过程,而且能够体现茅盾文学思想逐步溶入左翼主流文学的过程。