道德型领导对下属反馈规避行为的影响及其作用机制

基于社会交换和内在动机理论,以219名企业员工为对象,考察了道德型领导对下属反馈规避行为的影响效果及其作用机制.研究发现:道德型领导对下属反馈规避行为有显著负向影响;下属感知的与领导的交换关系和工作意义对FAB也有负向影响,且在道德型领导与下属反馈规避行为之间有部分中介作用.研究结果首次从社会交换和内在动机视角证实了道德型领导对下属反馈规避行为的抑制作用,并在一定程度上丰富了学术界对下属反馈规避行为诱发因素及其机制的认识.     

Do people reason when they accept tricky offers? A case of approach and avoidance motivated reasoning

Tricky or deceptive sales offers are often accepted by people. But how do we explain the acceptance of such disadvantageous offers? We propose that buyers represent offers in terms of costs and benefits in a conditional goal-related mental rule along the lines of “if a cost is paid, a benefit is obtained”. This representation would be influenced by BAS (approach) and BIS (avoidance) motivational systems. Behavioural approach system (BAS) would trigger seeking evidence confirming the offer and would lead us to accept it. Behavioural inhibition system (BIS), on the contrary, seeks disconfirming evidence, leading to rejection of the offer. Activation of approach and avoidance motivation would be influenced by internal variables and the context. We carried out three experiments where participants were told to check if a deceptive conditional offer was a cheat in a thematic Wason Selection Task. Experiment 1 showed that participants preferred confirmatory selection when the benefit was linked to a human need. In Experiment 2, warning information indicating cheating was introduced, while in Experiment 3 information about product alternatives was added to the instructions. We found a weakening of confirmatory card selection in Experiment 2, and a clear preference towards falsifying selection in Experiment 3. These results support the role of approach and avoidance motivated reasoning in buying/selling exchanges. Implications of these results are discussed in comparison with cheater detection algorithm and conformation bias predictions.     

Translating Social Motivation Into Action: Contributions of Need for Approval to Children's Social Engagement

This research examined how children's need for approval (NFA) from peers predicted social behavior (prosocial behavior, aggression, and social helplessness) and peer responses (acceptance, victimization, exclusion). Children (N = 526, mean age = 7.95, standard deviation = .33) reported on NFA and teachers reported on social engagement. Approach NFA (motivation to gain approval) predicted more positive engagement and less conflictual engagement and disengagement. Conversely, avoidance NFA (motivation to avoid disapproval) predicted less positive engagement and more conflictual engagement and disengagement. Some results differed by gender. This study suggests that social motivation contributes to children's peer relationships, providing a specific target for interventions to optimize social health.     

基于单片机的四旋翼飞行器智能控制及图像实时传输系统设计

四旋翼飞行器在许多领域有着很好的应用前景,但四旋翼飞行器控制系统十分复杂,文章以AVR单片机为控制核心,设计具有红外传感器进行智能避障的控制算法,并且拥有良好稳定性的四旋翼飞行器.在此基础上加装远程图像实时传输系统,将图像时时传输回来,从而对图像做出时时处理.由此可以使得该飞行器在生活中抢险救灾,以及地质勘查等环境中得到有效工作,获得可靠信息,凸显该飞行器的实用价值.     

用于地形跟踪回避的一种最佳路径算法

提出了一套用于数字地形图中求取最佳路径的算法。算法的核心是改进的动态规划算法，同时还用到图像和图形处理中的一些算法，如图像的膨胀，图形的扫描线转换。分析了算法的计算复杂度，包括时间和空间复杂度。该算法的适应性和稳定性较好，在大多数的情况下能给出符合实际的结果算法还加入了最大爬升角和最小转弯半径这两个飞机机动参数。作为一套完整的考虑飞机机动参数的算法，具有高效稳定和符合实际的特点。     

论银行的审单原则及其风险防范

信用证是我国国际贸易的重要支付方式之一;银行是否付款或承兑,在很大程度上取决于对信用证要求提交的单据的审核;银行在实际操作中应用合理的审单标准,处理出现纠纷最多的业务,从而能更好地进行风险防范。     

浅谈企业经营活动中的纳税筹划

正确地对纳税事务进行核算和筹划,是企业重要财务管理工作。纳税筹划不同于避税和偷税。避税是一种合法行为,但违反国家政策取向和立法本意。一旦相关法律法规得到补充和完善,原本合法的行为就会变为非法,而企业合理地进行纳税筹划,会为企业带来经济利益。本文对纳税筹划的作用、应遵循的原则以及企业如何合理地进行纳税筹划等作了详尽的论述。     

管理者特征对上市公司避税行为的影响

以我国2011-2013年沪深A股相关上市公司作为研究样本,主要针对企业管理者特征中的专业背景、学历、任期、年龄、薪酬以及持股水平,研究了管理者特征对企业避税行为的影响.研究结果表明:企业管理者的专业背景、薪酬、持股水平均与企业的避税行为呈显著的负相关关系,即管理者中拥有经济管理类专业背景的人数越多,管理者的薪酬与持股水平越高,企业的避税程度越低;管理者特征中的学历、任期及年龄则对企业避税行为没有显著影响;此外,相比于国有控股企业,非国有控股企业的管理者倾向于采取更多的避税行为.     

Blinded by the Spite? Path Model of Political Attitudes,Selectivity, and Social Media

Despite fears that selective exposure and selective avoidance could deepen polarization and negatively affect the democratic process, few studies have directly studied this phenomenon. This study explores whether selective exposure and avoidance to blogs, social network sites, and Twitter directly influence confidence in Congress and the president or more indirectly through polarization. This study suggests that fears of selective exposure, selective avoidance, and polarization infecting the democratic process appear overstated. First, polarization was positively related to confidence in Congress and the president. Second, selective exposure to social media sites strengthens confidence in the president and in Congress. Twitter boosts confidence in Congress. Third, selective avoidance had a negative influence on other measures, which suggests people seek both information that challenges their views as well as ones that supports them. Finally, selective exposure and avoidance proved weak indicators of polarization. Instead, strength of partisanship is the stronger predictor of confidence in Congress and the president.     

Chronic Avoidance Helps Explain the Relationship Between Severity of Childhood Sexual Abuse and Psychological Distress in Adulthood

ABSTRACT

Recent studies have found that chronic avoidance of unpleasant internal experiences (e.g., thoughts, emotions, memories) is a maladaptive means of affect regulation often adopted by women with a history of sexual victimization in childhood. The primary aim of this study was to replicate and extend previous findings suggesting that higher levels of experiential avoidance may account for the relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and psychological distress in adulthood. It was hypothesized that, in a sample of undergraduate females (n = 151), the relationship between severity of CSA (e.g., frequency, nature of victimization) and trauma-related psychological distress would be mediated by avoidance. Results supported this hypothesis. Findings are consistent with previous studies, and further suggest that the general tendency to avoid or escape from unpleasant internal experiences may be a specific factor that exacerbates psychological distress among women with a history of sexual victimization in childhood.