农业保险逆选择行为的生成机理及规避策略研究

由于农业保险的自愿投保原则及农业风险的特殊性,随着我国政策性农业保险大规模开展,农业保险的逆选择问题日益突出。通过对农业保险中逆选择表现形式与生成机理的研究,认为市场信息不对称、保险公司针对农业保险的经营管理水平低下与机会主义倾向是其形成根源,逆选择的存在会导致农业保险市场的价格扭曲、供求萎缩与效率损失。要规避农业保险的逆选择风险,首先应广泛开展农业保险的风险区划与费率分区,促进区域风险一致性;同时,还可通过提高财政对保险费的补贴比例、实施一定条件下的强制投保、推行区域产量保险、调整保险期限等方式减少逆选择行为。     

从海洋石油开发看涉外采办事务中的风险及其防范

海洋石油具有高风险、高科技、高投入的行业特点,海洋石油的勘探开发、海上油田建设所耗费的巨额投资,由于技术上的原因,其中过半资金是投向国际市场用以获得各种设备和材料。随着中国海洋石油总公司的发展,公司投入国际市场的采办资金还将持续扩大。如何使资金的运用更为安全、经济、有效?本文讨论了涉外采办业务方面比较常见的几种风险及可能造成的后果,并提出了风险防范或减轻损失的方法。     

Evolved Disease-Avoidance Processes and Contemporary Anti-Social Behavior: Prejudicial Attitudes and Avoidance of People with Physical Disabilities

Drawing on evolutionary psychological logic, we describe a model that links evolved mechanisms of disease-avoidance to contemporary prejudices against individuals with physical disabilities. Because contagious diseases were often accompanied by anomalous physical features, humans plausibly evolved psychological mechanisms that respond heuristically to the perception of these features, triggering specific emotions (disgust, anxiety), cognitions (negative attitudes), and behaviors (avoidance). This disease-avoidance system is over-inclusive: Anomalous features that are not due to disease (e.g., limb amputation due to accident) may also activate it, contributing to prejudicial attitudes and behaviors directed toward people with disabilities. This model implies novel hypotheses about contemporary variables that may amplify or reduce disability-based prejudice. We discuss past research within this context. We also present new evidence linking chronic and temporary concerns about disease to implicit negative attitudes toward and behavioral avoidance of disabled others. Discussion focuses on the conceptual and practical implications of this evolutionary approach.     

论行政回避制度

行政回避是行政程序法上的基本制度.它作为一项保障行政公正的法律制度之所以为人们所关注,是因为能满足人们要求受到公平对待那种与生俱来的期待.行政回避作为一个法律制度应当由回避缘由、范围、程序和限制组成.我国行政回避立法不统一的问题必须通过行政程序法加以规范,而行政回避实际效果不理想的问题,则需要通过进一步完善相应的行政法律制度来解决.     

Multi-level governance of an intractable policy problem: migrants with irregular status in Europe

ABSTRACT

This article explores the responses of European local authorities to the public service needs of residents with irregular immigration status and the tensions with national governments to which this can give rise. Drawing on a study of responses by national and local tiers, including a mapping of national legal frameworks on entitlements to health care and education, it identifies factors that lead to divergence between local and national policy framing and responses. Finding that socio-economic and individual consequences of exclusion dominate in shaping local framing of policy responses in contrast to national government priorities, it explores the implications for modes of multi-level governance (MLG) on this issue. It expands on the concept in the literature of ‘decoupling’, contrasting relationships of overt conflict with low-visibility strategies of conflict avoidance; demonstrating the differing forms this ‘shadow politics’ of migrants’ rights and shadow provision of services can take, including arms-length provision through NGOs. Thus the dynamic of MLG is itself one part of explaining the nature of local responses to the challenges that migrants with irregular status can pose.     

跨国公司转移价格的影响与防范

随着中国加入WTO及全球经济一体化的不断深入,将有越来越多的跨国公司来中国进行投资,跨国公司在华的投资活动,既能促进中国经济的发展,也对中国经济有着消极影响,尤其是跨国公司在华投资中普遍使用转移价格,将使这一问题更加严重。从跨国公司利用转移价格的目的入手,分析了转移价格对我国国家税收、国际收支及中方投资者利益等的不良影响,指出对跨国公司在华投资活动应施以积极的管理和有效的防范,如完善税法,强化税务、海关的监管力度等。     

跨文化交际中的不确定性回避研究

在霍夫斯泰德总结出的国家文化的四个维度中,"不确定性回避"未能引起学者们足够的重视,并缺乏深入、系统的研究。本文拟从深层根源入手,批判性地探讨这一维度对中国的适用性。通过此维度基于的诸环境因素作中西对比分析,研究其在全球化背景下的跨文化交际中的转变倾向。     

定语从句——英语避免重复的实用手段

大学英语教学传统上主要从语义、语用角度对定语从句展开描写和解释,但解释定语从句连接词所采取的循环论证策略和汉语相应称谓的缺位加重了以汉语为母语的学生对定语从句的理解难度。信息输出时,汉语学生或者回避使用定语从句,或者由于错误使用关系代词而导致句子结构出现问题。从语言分析系统的语形角度看,定语从句是英语避免重复的实用手段。避免重复一方面是理解定语从句的关键启发信息,另一方面是信息输出中选择定语从句的重要参照。从避免重复角度分析定语从句对丰富大学英语教学理论、提高母语是汉语的大学生始于理解而终于表达的英语能力具有理论价值和实践意义。     

无效合同制度与可撤销合同制度之竞合--兼论债权人之选择权

《合同法》设置了无效合同制度与可撤销合同制度,对于我国合同的理论与实践具有重要作用,但是无效合同制度与可撤销合同制度在法律规制上无论从形式还是内容均有竞合,但对此竞合如何处理又无明确的规定,这无疑给当事人特别是债权人和司法实践带来了困难。为此,本文对其制度创设的法理基础以及债权人如何进行选择作一探讨,以提供可资借鉴的参考。     

Experiences of student veterans with social anxiety and avoidance: A qualitative study

Eight-to-ten percent of returning combat veterans report symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), of which 7–13% also report symptoms of Social Anxiety Disorder. Both disorders are characterized by maladaptive patterns of social functioning, which can have significant effects on the lives of returning combat veterans and increase suicidal risk. The objective of the present study was to identify elements of the lived experience of college student veterans experiencing social anxiety and avoidance. Twelve student veterans with post-9/11 active duty service were interviewed about their lived experiences with social anxiety/avoidance within the framework of phenomenological theory. Data was analyzed using multilevel coding and theme analysis. Analysis of interview themes (n = 12) clarified university campus environments that induce social anxiety/avoidance and the impact on personal and professional relationships, learning, and navigation of physical space. Implications of this study include addressing student veterans’ needs through clinical intervention and further representative research on prevalence rates of these risk factors in various university and community college settings.