洋务运动时期的科学教育及其主要特征

科学与民主是中国社会近代化的重要起点。近代西方科学在中国制度层面的发展,源于洋务运动时期的科学教育。笔者就洋务学堂中的科学教育进行了系统的阐述,并对此时科学教育的特征及对中国的影响加以分析。洋务运动虽然作为一场政治运动告以失败,但作为科学发展史的一个环节,这一时期的科学教育具有极其深远和重大的意义。     

移动支付服务初始采纳模型及其实证研究

基于中国移动商务情景,从社会影响、个体特征和技术属性的整体视角对移动支付用户初始采纳行为进行了实证研究.采用结构方程模型对收集的240份初始采纳样本进行分析发现,技术属性视角的2个正效用(相对优势和兼容性)对采纳意愿存在正向影响,2个负效用(感知风险和感知成本)对采纳意愿存在负向影响;个体特征视角的个体创新对初始采纳意愿施加了直接和间接的双重正向影响;社会影响视角的主观规范和形象对初始采纳意愿存在直接和间接的双重正向影响.     

Bidirectional relations between internalizing symptoms and peer victimization in late childhood

The present study investigated bidirectional relations between peer victimization and internalizing symptoms, with a focus on three forms of victimization (physical, verbal, relational) and two types of internalizing symptoms (depressive, anxious). In the fall and spring, children (N = 1,264–1,402 fourth and fifth graders depending on time point and data source) reported on their victimization, and teachers reported on children’s depressive and anxious symptoms. In a model including the broad constructs of victimization and internalizing symptoms, bidirectional relations emerged, with earlier victimization predicting increases in later internalizing symptoms and earlier internalizing symptoms predicting increases in later victimization. These bidirectional relations did not hold in two additional models, the first of which included the three forms of victimization and internalizing symptoms and the second of which included victimization and the two types of internalizing symptoms. Rather, results of the first model suggested that earlier internalizing symptoms predicted later physical, verbal, and relational (marginal) victimization, and the second model did not fit the data well. Findings are discussed in terms of implications of bidirectional relations between victimization and internalizing symptoms.     

Using modern methods for missing data analysis with the social relations model: A bridge to social network analysis

Social network analysis identifies social ties, and perceptual measures identify peer norms. The social relations model (SRM) can decompose interval-level perceptual measures among all dyads in a network into multiple person- and dyad-level components. This study demonstrates how to accommodate missing round-robin data using Bayesian data augmentation, including how to incorporate partially observed covariates as auxiliary correlates or as substantive predictors. We discuss how data augmentation opens the possibility to fit SRM to network ties (potentially without boundaries) rather than round-robin data. An illustrative application explores the relationship between sorority members’ self-reported body comparisons and perceptions of friends’ body talk.     

Physical Activity (PA) Among Middle-Aged Women: Initial and Current Influences and Patterns of Participation

This study investigated the initial and current influences for doing physical activity (PA), current levels of PA participation, and future plans for it. Participants were 200 women aged 45 to 64 years old. Factor loadings of influences were explored using Principal Components Analysis. Pearson bivariate correlations, t-test, and ANOVA were used to show the differences among the influences, sociodemographic characteristics, and present/future PA participation. Personal fulfillment was the main initial influence, while health benefits/self-care, and outdoor/family activities were the most important current influences. The results highlight the factors that best explain present PA participation and also plans for activity in the future.     

威克利夫《圣经》对中世纪英格兰文化影响研究

威克利夫《圣经》是英语语言文化史上第一部完整的英文《圣经》,也是14世纪威克利夫宗教改革所取得的最重要成果。译本的完成与广泛传播不仅打破了天主教会对《圣经》及其阐释权的垄断,而且挑战了当时拉丁语作为教会唯一合法语言的至尊地位,对中世纪英格兰文化产生了广泛而深远的影响。     

清初天花对行政的影响及清王朝的相应措施

清代,天花肆虐不仅严重危害人的生命,而且给王朝行政带来很大干扰。为避免和减少天花对行政的不利影响,清朝统治者作了种种努力,并制订相应措施,形成国家施政中的某些特殊内容。社会历史现象,不仅仅是人的社会性活动,其形成与结果,还往往受到自然因素包括灾疫的影响,而人的能动行为,也在改变这种影响,治史者对此应予以注意。     

马克思把握历史过程的双向考察方法

所谓双向考察方法,是指依据历史过程的走向而展开的不同向度的把握历史过程的方法,它包括逆向考察和顺向考察两类共四种。它们分别是从“现在”向“过去”和从“未来”向“现在”的逆向考察,从“现在”向“未来”和从“过去”向“现在”的顺向考察。马克思运用该方法,分别对历史过程中的自然次序、因果关系和发展次序进行了考察,而非单纯由果溯因的“从后思索”。在建构其理论体系、进行社会批判中,双向考察方法发挥了重要作用。     

The challenge of introducing low-carbon industrial practices: Institutional entrepreneurship in the agri-food sector

Contemporary agricultural practices account for a significant share of greenhouse gas emissions. Inspired by the emergent literature on institutional entrepreneurship, we seek to explore mechanisms that affect an actor’s propensity to act in ways that imply suggesting and promoting emission-reducing practice changes. As influences originating outside the organizational field are assumed to constitute such mechanisms, the paper explores their role through a case study of a project run by a public agency. Unlike extant theory, results show that the agency’s propensity to act is not necessarily enhanced by extra-field influences but that such influences also limit the scope for suggesting change that challenges existing industrial practices.