Child Support, Fatherhood, and Marriage: Findings from the First 5 Years of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study

In this article, we review what has been learned to date from the first 5 years of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study about child support, fatherhood, and marriage. The article first describes the parents' circumstances at the time of the child's birth, then examines the trajectories of parents' relationships (with each other and others), fathers' financial contributions and other indicators of fathers' involvement with their children 5 years later; and finally reviews what has been learned about the effect of child support enforcement on these three aspects of families' lives. We find that most unmarried parents are either cohabiting or romantically involved at the time of the child's birth, but are a distinctly disadvantaged group as compared with married parents. Five years later, most of these parents are no longer romantically involved, however, most of the fathers are still seeing their children on a regular basis, and about half are contributing either formally or informally to their support. Strong child support enforcement appears to increase formal and decrease informal support from fathers, reduce marriage among parents, and have a weak positive effect on father involvement. More research is necessary to understand whether these findings are robust over time and across samples of unmarried parents.     

Parents Beyond Borders: A Social Group Work Curriculum for Supporting Immigrant Parents and Building Solidarity

Parents Beyond Borders, a curriculum first implemented in 2008 as part of The Center for Family Life's ParentShip Program, encourages group members to create a shared narrative about their traumatic immigration experiences. The result is twofold. First, immigrant parents gain a more assertive and poignant voice to communicate with family and others in their lives when sharing their family's acculturation experience. Second, because social group work promotes recognition of collective trauma due to the community's experience of marginalization, it improves members' group self-concept and empowers them to take action and advocate for themselves.     

Parents' Marital Status,Father-Daughter Intimacy and Young Adult Females' Dating Relationships

Abstract

The affective relationships of young adult females and their fathers were investigated for effects on dating relationships, dating anxiety, and interpersonal trust. Ninety-six college females, 66 with married parents and 25 with divorced parents, completed questionnaires about father-daughter intimacy, dating satisfaction, dating anxiety, and; trust. It was hypothesized that females with divorced vs. married parents, and females scoring lower on the intimacy scale, regardless of family structure, would experience less father-daughter intimacy, lower dating satisfaction and trust, and higher dating anxiety. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that females with divorced vs. married parents experienced significantly less intimacy with their fathers but similar levels of trust, anxiety, and satisfaction. Comparisons of females high and low in father-daughter intimacy showed no differences in trust, anxiety, or dating satisfaction. The relative importance of parents' marital status versus other factors relevant to divorce (e.g., intimacy, presence of a stepfather) will be discussed.     

Semantic Analysis of the Theoretical Foundations of Biology

生物学理论作为科学哲学研究中的一个另类一直受到关注。它与传统科学模式间 的差异是造成这种现象的原因之一。解读这种差异的根源，需要对生物学的理论基础 以及理论结构给予充分的关注。生物学特有理论结构所表现出的多元语境与语义结构 的复杂性，决定了对生物学理论基础的研究应当重视语义分析的方法，尤其是对理论 本身进行语义分解并研究其中的语义关联问题，从而解读生物学模式作为一种不同于 理化科学的特殊科学解释观的合理性。

关键词: 生物学理论?语义分析?语义结构

As a different type of research in the philosophy of science, biological theory has always attracted scholarly attention. One reason for this phenomenon is that it differs from the traditional scientific paradigm. To explore the root of this difference, we need to examine closely the theoretical foundations and structure of biology. The complexity of the multiple contexts and semantic structures expressed in the theoretical structure specific to biology requires that research on the theoretical foundation of biology incorporate semantic analysis. It is particularly necessary to conduct semantic decomposition of the theories themselves and study their semantic correlations. In doing so, we can discern the rationality of the biological model as a special form of scientific explanation distinct from that of physics and chemistry.     

论清代的“存留养亲”制度

在规定有存留养亲制度的诸朝法律中,清代的存留养亲制度可以说是形式多样、较为完备并得以有效运用的一项法律制度.清代存留养亲的类型、成立的条件及其特点,特别是它所体现出的人性关怀对我们今天的司法实践仍然有着借鉴意义.     

纳米管的生物效应和毒性

在使用3-(4,5-二甲基-2-噻唑)-2,5-二苯基溴化四唑(MTT)比色法和毒物学方法研究由碳纳米管引起的生物组织——鸡胚胎纤维原细胞的性质的改变,以及碳纳米管对细胞产生的毒性后,发现碳纳米管会对鸡胚胎纤维原细胞增殖造成影响,不过它对这个生物组织的毒性很小,大约一级。     

流态研究推动下的高效厌氧生物反应器的发展

近年来以膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器、内循环厌氧反应器等为代表的第三代高效厌氧反应器以其独特的技术优势在各种废水处理领域得到了广泛的应用。从反应器内流动状态研究的角度，分析并总结了几种典型的高效厌氧反应器的流态特征，探讨及回顾了当代高效厌氧反应器设计思路及其发展历史，指出高效厌氧反应器的流态研究成为进行新型厌氧反应器开发与应用的理论基础与研究重点之一。     

存留养亲制探源

存留养亲是根植于我国儒家孝道文化的一项刑罚执行制度,它产生的直接原因是农耕社会对劳动力的需求,而它能够存在于我国历史上近一千五百年的根本原因是它对礼法伦常的维护.存留齐亲的核心是国家部分放弃对犯罪的惩罚权利,帮助犯罪人完成其孝养长辈的责任,以巩固亲伦关系,强化人们的忠孝价值观念.     

A Home-based Description of Attachment in Physically Disabled Infants

This study investigated attachment security and behavior in 34 physically disabled infants and 26 non‐disabled infants by using convergent, categorical (secure, avoidant and ambivalent) and continuous (Attachment Behavior Q‐Set) measures of the relationship, based on the same set of home observations. Proportions of attachment classifications were not different for disabled and non‐disabled infants, but insecure infants in the disabled group scored consistently lower on the AQS security score than non‐disabled insecure infants. This result suggests that while proportions of attachment classifications may not vary as a function of infant status, insecure disabled infants are more insecure than insecure non‐disabled infants. An analysis of 5 behavioral dimensions of the AQS showed that secure infants emitted the same kinds of attachment behaviors without regard for infant status. Insecure disabled infants, however, showed lower levels of secure base behavior and physical contact with mother than their non‐disabled counterparts, and showed a marginal tendency to fuss more as well. Discussion focuses on the potential benefits of using convergent, categorical and continuous measures of attachment in the study of both typical and atypical groups of infants.     

The Importance of the Coparental Relationship for Nonresident Fathers’ Ties to Children

We examine the importance of the coparental relationship for nonresident fathers’ ties to their children. Using data from Wave 2 of the National Survey of Families and Households, we focus on the link between two dimensions of coparenting, cooperative coparenting and conflict over childrearing, and three dimensions of nonresident father involvement, contact, relationship quality, and responsive fathering. Cooperative coparenting predicts more frequent father‐child contact, which in turn predicts higher relationship quality and more responsive fathering. Conflict over childrearing, however, is not significantly related to nonresident father involvement. Findings are consistent across different groups of children. Results suggest that cooperative coparenting between parents who live apart is associated with stronger ties between nonresident fathers and their children.