研究型教学模式在分子生物学实验课中的应用

分子生物学作为生命科学中发展最为快速的学科,将研究型教学的模式应用在分子生物学中显得十分必要,本文对在分子生物学的实验课教学中怎样利用研究型教学的模式,充分发挥学生的创新能力,提高学生的综合实验能力和科研思维,结合我们的经验作了一些探讨。     

Assessing Poisson variation of intestinal tumour multiplicity in mice carrying a Robertsonian translocation

Summary.  Tumour multiplicity is a frequently measured phenotype in animal studies of cancer biology. Poisson variation of this measurement represents a biological and statistical reference point that is usually violated, even in highly controlled experiments, owing to sources of variation in the stochastic process of tumour formation. A recent experiment on murine intestinal tumours presented conditions which seem to generate Poisson-distributed tumour counts. If valid, this would support a claim about mechanisms by which the adenomatous polyposis coli gene is inactivated during tumour initiation. In considering hypothesis testing strategies, model choice and Bayesian approaches, we quantify the positive evidence favouring Poisson variation in this experiment. Statistical techniques used include likelihood ratio testing, the Bayes and Akaike information criteria, negative binomial modelling, reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and posterior predictive checking. The posterior approximation that is based on the Bayes information criterion is found to be quite accurate in this small n case-study.     

论柯勒律治文艺理论的科学成因

柯勒律治的有机主义文艺理论,既是对当时流行的机械唯物主义哲学以及机械主义心理学的反拨,同时也是生物学对物理力学反拨的结果。但由于其受生物学影响较深,在他看出文艺创作类似生物生长的同时,未能看出二者作为两个不同门类的区别,导致其文艺理论存在着诸多弊端。     

分子生物学本科实验教学改革之我见

传统的分子生物学实验教学以验证性实验为主,已经落后于飞速发展的现代分子生物学。为了充分实现实验教学的功能,我们应积极改进实验教学理念,构建新型实验教学课程体系,完善实验教学管理模式,以适应不断发展的分子生物学科,更好的发挥实验教学的各项功能。     

《分子生物学》教学改革初探

分子生物学是知识体系庞杂、以大量的实验为基础、且对实验技能和实验条件要求较高的新兴的综合性学科。这门学科的特点和发展对教师和学生的教与学提出了更多的要求。通过对教学内容的精练浓缩或扩展细化;通过增加分子生物学教学中的实验课时,实验连续性设计,平行性操作,面对面结果分析;通过网络资源和分子生物学软件介绍和运用掌握等途径引导学生了解和掌握如何发现与研究问题的方法,提高教学效果。     

《动物生物学》课程的教学改革与实践

在科学技术迅猛发展及教育教学改革不断深入的形势下,高校如何进行教学改革,以适应21世纪高素质人才培养的需要,是摆在高校教师面前的一个重要问题。为此,我们在长期教学实践的基础上,学习并借鉴了国内兄弟院校的改革经验,对《动物生物学》课程就课程教学内容、教学方法和手段、实验内容和方式、课程多样化评价等各个环节进行了积极的改革与探索,为今后该课程教学改革的深入提出了努力方向。     

生物免疫机理在网络入侵检测中的应用

基于生物免疫学的网络入侵检测是近年来入侵检测领域研究的热点,它的突出特点是利用生物物免疫学的原理、规则与机制来实现对入侵行为的检测和反应。网络入侵检测系统与生物免疫系统具有本质的相似性:生物免疫系统负责识别生物体的"自我"(Self)与"非自我"(Non-self)细胞,并清除异常细胞;网络入侵检测系统则辨别正常与异常行为模式,采取适当的措施阻止对系统的入侵行为。文中围绕生物免疫系统的算法、原理和运行机制在网络入侵检测中的应用并结合入侵检测系统自身的特点进行了深入研究。     

神经网络计算与生物神经活动

讨论了生物神经网络活动对神经网络计算的启发:神经元在大脑皮层上的拓朴结构,启发了多层神经网络计算;神经元的显微结构以及神经元的活动方式,启发了神经网络计算中权值矩阵的运用;神经活动的联想假说,启发了神经网络中的联想计算。     

Impact factors of purse seine net and dip net fisheries on a chub mackerel population

There are two major kinds of fisheries for the chub mackerel in Japan. The purse seine net fishery exploits young and adult fish during the foraging season, while the dip net fishery exploits fish before and during the spawning season. To compare the damage to the chub mackerel stock caused by purse seine net and dip net fisheries, we introduced impact factors of the two kinds of fisheries on the two kinds of fisheries and estimated number of eggs spawned in 1982. We defined the impact factor as the ratio of the average reproductive value of individuals caught by each fishery to the reproductive value at maturity. The number of individuals caught by the purse seine net fishery was 66 times larger than the number caught by the dip net fishery, while the impact factor of the former was 84% of that of the latter. Thus, the total damage caused by the purse seine net fishery was much higher than the damage caused by the dip net fishery. We can evaluate the damage caused by mortality factors on endangered species using this method.     

Extinction of populations due to inbreeding depression with demographic disturbances

The process of population extinction due to inbreeding depression with constant demographic disturbances every generation is analysed using a population genetic and demographic model. The demographic disturbances introduced into the model represent loss of population size that is induced by any kind of human activities, e.g. through hunting and destruction of habitats. The genetic heterozygosity among recessive deleterious genes and the population size are assumed to be in equilibrium before the demographic disturbances start. The effects of deleterious mutations are represented by decreases in the growth rate and carrying capacity of a population. Numerical simulations indicate rapid extinction due to synergistic interaction between inbreeding depression and declining population size for realistic ranges of per-locus mutation rate, equilibrium population size, intrinsic rate of population growth, and strength of demographic disturbances. Large populations at equilibrium are more liable to extinction when disturbed due to inbreeding depression than small populations. This is a consequence of the fact that large populations maintain more recessive deleterious mutations than small populations. The rapid extinction predicted in the present study indicates the importance of the demographic history of a population in relation to extinction due to inbreeding depression.