试论“盐圣”夙沙氏的历史地位和作用

中国是世界海盐的故乡，夙沙氏是国内盐业工作者公认的盐宗，山东在韩国丽水世博会上将盐圣夙沙氏正式向全世界推出，引起了普遍关注。本文用典籍文献和考古遗址双重印证的方法，对夙沙氏的生存年代和活动区域进行层层论证和推理，对业界多年来悬而未决的问题给予了解答。同时，对盐在日常生活和工业生产上的广泛应用，在历代王朝中所起的重要作用，以及凝结在夙沙氏背后的盐文化发展脉络进行了梳理。     

SOJOURN TIMES IN NON-HOMOGENEOUS QBD PROCESSES WITH PROCESSOR SHARING

We study sojourn times of customers in a processor sharing queue with a service rate that varies over time, depending on the number of customers and on the state of a random environment. An explicit expression is derived for the Laplace–Stieltjes transform of the sojourn time conditional on the state upon arrival and the amount of work brought into the system. Particular attention is paid to the conditional mean sojourn time of a customer as a function of his required amount of work, and we establish the existence of an asymptote as the amount of work tends to infinity. The method of random time change is then extended to include the possibility of a varying service rate. By means of this method, we explain the well-established proportionality between the conditional mean sojourn time and required amount of work in processor sharing queues without random environment. Based on numerical experiments, we propose an approximation for the conditional mean sojourn time. Although first presented for exponentially distributed service requirements, the analysis is shown to extend to phase-type services. The service discipline of discriminatory processor sharing is also shown to fall within the framework.     

黔东南性别失衡人口规模的判断与预测

黔东南州作为西部欠发达省份的民族自治地区,出生性别比长期、普遍、高度的失衡已经对经济发展、社会安定造成一定影响。虽然出生性别比失衡问题得到政府和社会的广泛关注和重视,并自2004年起开展了系列治理活动,但出生性别比升高的势头并未因之而有所遏制。本文希望通过对出生性别比失衡人口规模的计算,以及预测失衡导致该州未来男女人口规模和适龄结婚人口规模差异,使人们对失衡状况与未来影响有更清晰的认识,并为进一步治理提供参考素材。     

Fatherhood regimes and father involvement in France and the UK

This paper contrasts and compares the institutional framework for fatherhood and father involvement and the survey evidence relating to fathers’ contribution to childcare and domestic work in the two countries. It shows that while men's contribution to such activities appears to be increasing in both France and the UK, change is slow and father involvement does not necessarily seem to correlate directly either with patterns of female labour force participation or with the support offered by the institutional framework. The authors explore the theoretical frameworks most appropriate for explaining their findings and situate them primarily in terms of Pfau-Effinger's theorization of the gender arrangement (1998, 2002, 2004). The authors conclude that while change in father involvement is slow, the introduction of statutory and organizational work–life balance measures which alter the gender order open up opportunities for negotiated change in the division of the labour in the home.     

土族人口生育状况及影响因素分析

文章依据人口普查数据，对土族妇女的总和生育率、孩次别生育率、低年龄生育率及人口再生产率进行了考察。认为土族人口的生育水平尽管有较快下降，但仍然存在较为普遍的多育和早育现象。为此，应当从发展民族经济、提高教育程度、改善健康状况及拓宽就业渠道等方面入手，促使土族人口的生育模式趋于优异化。     

The Uniqueness of the Child–Father Attachment Relationship: Fathers' Sensitive and Challenging Play as a Pivotal Variable in a 16-year Longitudinal Study

This longitudinal study of forty‐four families explored fathers’ as compared to mothers’ specific contribution to their children's attachment representation at ages 6, 10, and 16 years. In toddlerhood, fathers’ and mothers’ play sensitivity was evaluated with a new assessment, the sensitive and challenging interactive play scale (SCIP). Fathers’ SCIP scores were predicted by fathers’ caregiving quality during the first year, were highly consistent across 4 years, and were closely linked to the fathers’ own internal working model of attachment. Qualities of attachment as assessed in the Strange Situation to both parents were antecedents for children's attachment security in the Separation Anxiety Test at age 6. Fathers’ play sensitivity and infant–mother quality of attachment predicted children's internal working model of attachment at age 10, but not vice versa. Dimensions of adolescents’ attachment representations were predicted by fathers’ play sensitivity only. The results confirmed our main assumption that fathers’ play sensitivity is a better predictor of the child's long‐term attachment representation than the early infant–father security of attachment. The ecological validity of measuring fathers’ sensitive and challenging interactive play behavior as compared to infant proximity seeking in times of distress is highlighted. Findings are discussed with respect to a wider view on attachment in that both parents shape their children's psychological security but each in his or her unique way.     

生育文明及其建设探析

生育文明作为解决人口计生工作新时期新问题的新命题日益受到关注,它代表着人类生育及相关领域的一种先进状态,而达到人类自主、自由、自觉的生育状态是这次生育文明建设的最终目的。为了达到这一目的,必须把握以人为本、统筹推进、载体创新三大原则,从观念文明、行为文明、制度文明、管理文明、服务文明、科技文明六个方面入手,加以突破和架构,用切实可行的评价指标体系为保障,最终实现自主生育文明。     

湖南省出生性别比失衡问题研究——基于和谐社会的视角

湖南省出生人口性别比自20世纪80年代以来持续失衡,这无疑会带来诸如婚姻挤压、道德沦丧、经济减缓、女性地位降低等社会问题,将严重影响和谐社会的构建。因此,如何加强管理监督,营造生育新风,完善利益机制,加强优质服务,制定相关法律法规,以整治出生性别比失衡势在必行。     

从“生育节制”看五四时期的妇女解放

桑格夫人的生育节制主义的传播和新文化运动的洗礼,在五四时期形成了一股以"生育节制"为主的妇女解放潮流。大批的先进知识分子对生育节制给予了很大的热情,在树立正确的生育观对于妇女解放、社会进步和种族改良的积极意义的问题上提出了颇有价值的看法,这些对推动妇女解放,尤其是五四时期的妇女解放上发挥了重要的作用。     

委婉语的文化内涵

委婉语是用令人愉快的表达方式代替惹人不快和令人恐惧的事物。由于中西方文化差异，对生死，离合，老少，贫富的观点不同，在汉语和英语中出现了不同文化内涵的委婉语。