Parenthood and Marital Satisfaction: A Meta‐Analytic Review

This meta‐analysis finds that parents report lower marital satisfaction compared with nonparents (d=?.19, r=?.10). There is also a significant negative correlation between marital satisfaction and number of children (d=?.13, r=?.06). The difference in marital satisfaction is most pronounced among mothers of infants (38% of mothers of infants have high marital satisfaction, compared with 62% of childless women). For men, the effect remains similar across ages of children. The effect of parenthood on marital satisfaction is more negative among high socioeconomic groups, younger birth cohorts, and in more recent years. The data suggest that marital satisfaction decreases after the birth of a child due to role conflicts and restriction of freedom.     

中国现代文学之雅俗互动

中国现代文学之雅俗互动 ,经历了几个阶段 :有以雅携俗的 ,有相克中相生的 ,有相辅而未必相成的 ,有善于融会而相得益彰的 ,有物极必反的 ,凡此种种都隐含着历史的深刻的经验与教训。有志于通俗文学创作的作家应学习中国历史与中国社会 ,学习中国文化传统 ,总结前人通俗文学创作的经验 ,在融会贯通与创作实践中形成自己的作品特色和体系     

从《早晨的歌》看西尔维娅.普拉斯的悲观主义思想表达

诗人写早晨一般是歌颂希望的,歌颂太阳的。但是,西尔维娅.普拉斯的《早晨的歌》写于孩子出生之际,道出的却是对孩子未来的担忧,以及由于孩子的出世而引发的对孩子和人类的生存的深深思考。在诗里,她无情地剖析了这个世界,深刻地反省人类自己。     

Fathering in intact and divorced families: Ethnic differences in retrospective reports

The present study was designed to investigate whether ethnicity moderates the effects of divorce on young adults’ retrospective reports of fathering. An ethnically diverse sample of 1,989 university students completed measures of nurturant fathering, reported father involvement, and desired father involvement. Compared with participants from intact families, those from divorced families indicated lower levels of nurturant fathering and reported father involvement. These differences varied considerably by ethnicity. Reported fathering differences between participants from intact and divorced families were greatest in African Americans, Caribbean Islanders, and foreign‐born Cubans. These differences were smallest in non‐Hispanic Whites and Asians. Participants from divorced families reported greater levels of desired father involvement than did participants from intact families. These differences were not moderated by ethnicity.     

清代若干诗人的生卒年与相关问题

清代诗人数以十万计,其中绝大多数的生卒年都还不清楚,或者存在着各种各样的歧异.这种生卒年的歧异与缺漏,不但对诗人本身来说有必要予以解决,而且往往还牵涉到其他的一些学术问题.例如方文,叶燮,董以宁、董大伦父子,吴历,赵俞,陈琮,以及邹祗谟、魏容,他们的生卒年及相关问题都需要重新审视,甚至从头进行考证.这在清诗研究中是一项不可忽略的工作.     

生命的言说--《文心雕龙·物色》篇试论

本文在<文心雕龙·物色>基础上,分析了"物色"的涵义及其演变,凸显了"物色"概念"富有情趣和生命力"的特质和内涵.从中国古代"气化"生成理论和马克思的"自然向人生成"观点入手,认为作家在文学创作中的"感物"、"心物交融"以及物色描写等过程都不离生命的场域,是生命自身的言说.     

从性别平等视角看“关爱女孩”行动

"关爱女孩"行动实施以来,其政策效果究竟如何,课题组经过调查之后认为,尽管"关爱女孩"行动起了一定的遏制作用,但它并未触动问题的根本,人们的生育观念并没有真正改变,男孩偏好依然严重.应基于性别平等的观点,从制度上着手改变男女不平等的根源,进而引导人们真正做到"生男生女顺其自然".     

近代巴蜀诗人李士棻生卒年及别号考略

近代巴蜀诗人李士棻曾被曾国藩誉为“太白醉魂”，为曾府门下“四川三李”之一，其诗作有浓郁的巴蜀文化特色。然李氏仕宦不显，长期以来学界对其关注不足，学界近年不多的相关研究，多围绕国内所存的文献，对其诗歌创作进行艺术分析，对诗人的生平介绍多简单略过，没有严谨的考证，目前仍然很有争议。通过搜罗国内外现存典籍，综合目前所见李士棻本人著述，辅以晚清近代重要报刊《申报》和与李氏有交往的朝鲜文人文献，考证其生卒年及别号，冀为今后的相关研究解决基础问题。     

Women's experiences of interventions for fear of childbirth in the perinatal period: A meta-synthesis of qualitative research evidence

IssueFear of childbirth (FOC) can be debilitating, impacting women's lives in pregnancy, the puerperium and beyond. Research investigated various interventions for FOC in the perinatal period, but there been no synthesis of the experiences of women who engaged with these interventions, which would inform clinical practice guidance and the development of future interventions.AimTo conduct a review and synthesis of qualitative studies of interventions for fear of childbirth in the perinatal period and women's experiences of them.MethodsA meta-synthesis was performed to examine all relevant qualitative studies describing women's experiences of interventions for FOC, in all languages. A comprehensive search of relevant databases from 1978 to 2019 was conducted. In total, following appraisal, seven qualitative studies were eligible for inclusion. The findings were integrated using thematic synthesis for the final stages in the thematic analysis.FindingsOne overarching theme “Ownership of Childbirth” and three analytical themes “Facing the fear”, “Feeling empowered”, “Managing the fear with a sense of security” were generated through the synthesis. There were no studies outside of Scandinavia located.DiscussionThis meta-synthesis provides a new way to describe the process of moving from fear to “Ownership of childbirth”. The first step in the process appears to be acknowledging and identifying the individual's fears. Women can be empowered to self-manage FOC but may be influenced by external factors such as the support of partners and staff.ConclusionThese findings provide evidence to inform the development of future interventions for FOC and highlight the need for further qualitative research globally.