International Adoption: Counseling and the Adoption Triad

Despite a 60-plus–year history of international adoption (IA) placements, the body of research exploring counseling and psychological interventions for those affected by IA is still in its infancy. This critical review of the state of the literature addresses research, theory, and practice relevant to the international adoption triad (adoptive parents, birth parents, and adoptees). We highlight the lack of empirical attention to the clinical needs of birth parents, the tendency to overlook the clinical needs of adoptive parents both pre- and post-adoption, early childhood vulnerability in international adoptees, and adolescent identity challenges and the attendant clinical issues.     

<史记>"孔子生年"索源

自异载孔子生年之《史记》问世,二千余年孔诞之争不决;然,《史记》“鲁襄公二十二年”者,何所据源,诚当考辨析明之。考《世本》载记孔子生年说,纯系子虚乌有。至今所见文献,可为《史记》“孔子生年”载记之源者,惟公、谷二传《春秋》耳;不过司马迁之误解《春秋》历纪,乃助后世曲纪孔子生辰千有余年矣．     

Uncertainty and the Second Space: Modern Birth Timing and the Dilemma of Education

This paper focuses on the relationship between experiential and statistical uncertainties in the timing of births in Cameroon (Central Africa). Most theories of fertility level and change emphasize the emergence of parity-specific control, treating desired family size as both central, and stable across the life course. By contrast, this paper argues for a theory of reproduction that emphasizes process, social context, and contingency. The paper concentrates on the second birth interval, showing that it is longer and more variable among educated than among uneducated women. The paper argues that this difference is due to the specific forms of uncertainty associated with education in contemporary Cameroon.     

教育回归生命本原--对生育文化及其所承载教育价值的思考

在传统教育体系中,生育文化与教育的关联历来不被人重视,生育文化常常被认为是与教育相关不大或毫无相关的领域,从教育的视角对生育文化问题的关注较少.但是在儿童个体生命成长过程中,生育文化的影响和重要的教育价值是不容忽视的.研究和探讨教育人类学视野中的生育文化及其研究价值,希望能够对关注教育、关注文化的教育价值、关注除学校以外更大教育空间的人们提供一个看待教育的新的视角,从而对教育发展有一定启示.     

On an application of the diffusion approximation of the generalized birth and death process for stochastic population projection

Assuming that both birth and death rates are density and time dependent, a diffusion approximation of the generalized birth and death process has been considered in this paper to obtain a suitable stochastic population model describing the population size and its moments. A simple method of estimating the parameters of the model Is discussed. The predictions of the expected size of the population, and the variance are made and compared with the corresponding census figures as well as with another deterministic projection series made for the corresponding period.     

Kakar's Psychoanalytic Interpretation of Indian Childhood: The Need to Emphasize the Father and Multiple Caregivers in The Socialization Equation

Kakar's psychoanalytic analysis of the role of the father in the East Indian child's socioemotional development during the early childhood period is examined. Furthermore, maternal employment and multiple caregiving are considered in broad terms. Using findings from observational studies of parent-infant interactions and care in diverse cultures around the world as a barometer, it is argued that fathers are more centrally involved in the Indian child's life than has been previously acknowledged. It is proposed that the Indian mother remains the primary caregiver with other socialization agents assuming complementary but nonequivalent roles in the Indian child's social development. Future discussions of Indian childhood development could further delineate the role of the father and multiple caregivers in the socialization process.     

从女性主义看路遥笔下的贤妻良母形象

路遥作品中,塑造了一些贤妻良母式的女性人物形象。她们生儿育女、相夫教子、无私奉献,是符合男权观念的女性形象。在女性主义的审视下,这些贤妻良母过的却是丧失了自我与个性的生活,并没有真正的幸福可言。     

20世纪温庭筠生年研究综述

温庭筠是晚唐著名的文学大家,进入20世纪以来,学术界在温庭筠研究上取得了很大的成就,老、中、青几代学者的不懈努力使温庭筠生平中若干重要问题得以很大程度的凸显。但在温庭筠生年的研究问题上,由于史料记载不清,相互违乖,该问题的研究始终存在很大的争议,尚无明确的结论。鉴于此,笔者将各家之说综述如下,并简要分析研究中所存在的问题,以期有利于该问题研究的进一步开拓与深化。     

试论唐代母亲在家庭教育中所起的作用

唐代母亲在教育方面起的作用主要表现在两个方面:学业及思想品德。因为唐代女性的学养不同于前代的封闭与死板,也异于后代的保守与僵化。所以她们扮演的母亲角色在家庭教育方面也不同于以往及后世。她们是一群聪明、能干、坚强的女性,是有智慧的、有头脑的严且爱的母亲。     

Children’s Learning Mother Tongue Versus Foreign Language Teaching

Ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ’ｓＬｅａｒｎｉｎｇＭｏｔｈｅｒＴｏｎｇｕｅＶｅｒｓｕｓＦｏｒｅｉｇｎＬａｎｇｕａｇｅＴｅａｃｈｉｎｇＸｉｅＨｕａＴｈｅｓｉｓｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔ．Ｆｒｏｍｈｏｗｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎｌｅａｒｎｔｈｅｉｒｍｏｔｈｅｒｔｏｎｇｕｅｗｅｌ，ｗｅｇ...