以骨品文的道德思维嬗变

发端于骨相之说的以骨品文的观念，激于神理气貌的人物品鉴，发展于对慷慨之气、高尚人格的体认，完成于神韵高远、丰沛精神的取得。以骨品文之旅在逐渐剥离人物品藻行为的道德理性色彩后，焕化为灵动跳脱的生命精神和刚健向上的审美人格，形成类比思维传统的生命化和人格化。隐含其间的道德思维，感应于时代趋尚的移易，呈现出强——弱——强的道德理性扬弃脉络，铸造了文化人格的诗性承载。     

Regression Analysis for Multistate Models Based on a Pseudo-value Approach, with Applications to Bone Marrow Transplantation Studies

Abstract.  Typically, regression analysis for multistate models has been based on regression models for the transition intensities. These models lead to highly nonlinear and very complex models for the effects of covariates on state occupation probabilities. We present a technique that models the state occupation or transition probabilities in a multistate model directly. The method is based on the pseudo-values from a jackknife statistic constructed from non-parametric estimators for the probability in question. These pseudo-values are used as outcome variables in a generalized estimating equation to obtain estimates of model parameters. We examine this approach and its properties in detail for two special multistate model probabilities, the cumulative incidence function in competing risks and the current leukaemia-free survival used in bone marrow transplants. The latter is the probability a patient is alive and in either a first or second post-transplant remission. The techniques are illustrated on a dataset of leukaemia patients given a marrow transplant. We also discuss extensions of the model that are of current research interest.     

The effects of daily alendronate,daily calcitonin and alendronate every other day on bone mineral density in osteoporotic men

Objectives. Biphosphonates have been widely used in the treatment of osteoporosis, but there is not enough data on their use in men. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of twelve months' treatment with daily 10 mg alendronate, every other day 10 mg alendronate and daily 200 IU calcitonin on bone mineral density (BMD) in men with osteoporosis.

Materials and methods. 46 men with osteoporosis were randomly allocated to three groups: 15 patients in the first group received daily 10 mg alendronate and calcium (1000 mg/day), 14 patients in the second group used every other day 10 mg alendronate and calcium and 17 patients in the third group were given intranasal salmon calcitonin and calcium. At the baseline, sixth and twelfth months, BMD was measured at lumbar spine (L_2–4), femoral neck and Ward's triangle zone by means of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (LUNAR).

Results. In daily and every other day alendronate and calcitonin groups there was a significant increase in BMD at lumbar spine (p = 0.004, p = 0.001, p = 0.04), but no difference at the femoral neck (p > 0.05) at the end of twelve months. When the groups were compared with each other, no significant differences in BMD levels at lumbar spine, femoral neck and Ward's triangle were found (p > 0.05).     

Prevalence of low forearm bone mineral density in Bulgarian men: a pilot study

Objective. To determine the prevalence of osteoporosis at the distal forearm in a male cohort referred for bone density testing and to compare it to published data of Bulgarian women.

Design and subjects. 315 consecutive Bulgarian men aged 20 to 84 years were included (mean age 53.74 ± 14.67 years). 59% of them were self-referrals. The comparative female group consisted of 8869 Bulgarian women whose forearm bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in another study.

Measurements. BMD was measured by single X-ray absorptiometry at the distal forearm (distal and ultradistal sites) in all men. T-scores were calculated from manufacturer-provided Danish male reference data.

Results. The ratio of female to male patients was 28.2 (8869 to 315). Peak BMD was observed in men aged 30 to 39 years: 0.560 ± 0.065 g/cm² (distal site) and 0.490 ± 0.070 g/cm² (ultradistal site). A steady BMD decline followed reaching 0.492 ± 0.064 g/cm² at the distal and 0.412 ± 0.069 g/cm² at the ultradistal site in age group >70. Age had a rather weak negative impact on forearm BMD described by a linear model. In men aged over 50 years the prevalence of osteoporosis at the distal site was 21.19%, compared to 20.45% in women. Low bone mass was seen in 48.77% of men and 32.50% of women. Normal BMD was more frequent in women (47.05%) than in men (30.04%).

Conclusions. We found a high prevalence of forearm osteoporosis in Bulgarian men which is comparable to that already known in women.     

Effect of testosterone therapy on lumbar spine and hip mineral density in elderly men

Objective.?The aim of the present study was to analyse the effect of testosterone therapy on bone mineral density in healthy elderly men who had low levels of total testosterone.

Design.?Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Participants.?Forty-eight men over 60 years old with decreased testosterone levels (≤320 ng/dL) comprised the study. Twenty-five out of 48 received intramuscular injections of testosterone enanthate every three weeks during 12 months; the remaining 23 participants formed the control group. All participants had measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) in both lumbar spine and hip before and at the end of the study as well as testosterone and 17-β estradiol levels.

Results:?Testosterone treated group exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) increment (from 1.198 ± 0.153 to 1.240 ± 0.141 g/cm²) in lumbar BMD in parallel with a significant (p < 0.001) increment (from 301 ± 32 to 471 ± 107 ng/dL) in testosterone concentrations, whereas no significant change occurred in femoral neck BMD.

Conclusions.?Testosterone therapy elicited a positive effect only in lumbar BMD in elderly men with diminished testosterone serum levels.     

商代档案管理制度研究

商代是我国灿烂文化的奠基者,在档案事业方面有很多突出的贡献,不但甲骨档案被视为中国目前保存的最古老的档案,而且商代的档案工作非常发达,从档案的收集、整理、保管、利用等多个方面形成了一套完整的档案管理制度,对于后世档案工作的发展起到了重要的借鉴作用。     

Dutasteride improves bone mineral density in male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and prostatic enlargement: a preliminary study

Introduction: We studied the effect of dutasteride on bone mineral density (BMD) in aging male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and prostatic enlargement.

Methods: We prospectively studied 17 patients with LUTS and prostatic enlargement. Before and 1 year after dutasteride (0.5?mg daily), we assessed International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), prostatic volume (PV), serum prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) and testosterone. BMD in the lumbar and femur was measured by DEXA method.

Results: Dutasteride significantly reduced PV (from 51?±?24 to 34?±?17?ml, p?p?p?2, p?2, p?2, p?Conclusions: Dutasteride has a potential to improve BMD with elevation of serum testosterone in aging male patients with LUTS and prostatic enlargement.     

卜辞中所见商代诸神的权能

本文通过对甲骨刻辞资料的断代爬梳、整理,在继承前人研究成果的基础之上,分别探讨了王卜辞与非王卜辞中所见商人诸神的权能,分析了诸神施行权能的方式,并勾勒出商代诸神权能变迁大势.     

殷墟小屯南地甲骨中的截锯卜旬卜骨

殷墟小屯村南出土的截锯卜旬卜骨共有35例,从其行款、钻凿形态等方面看,其与村南的无一、无二类卜辞更接近,从其左、右肩胛骨上的字形、书风看,也与康丁时代的无一类、无二类卜辞一致。     

上海地区中老年干部前臂骨骨密度和血清性激素水平的测量分析

目的分析中老年干部前臂远端1/3和1/10部位骨密度(BMD)及血清性激素的变化特点,为骨质疏松症(OP)的诊断治疗和预防提供科学依据.方法采用双能X线骨密度仪(DEXA)测定2 309例健康人前臂远端1/3和1/10部位的BMD,其中有492人测定了血清睾酮(T)或雌二醇(E2)水平.年龄范围40岁～89岁,按5岁一个年龄组进行统计分析.结果随着年龄增大,BMD、T(男性)和E2(女性)均逐渐下降,OP患病率则逐渐升高.其中男性60岁～69岁年龄组BMD呈快速下降(P＜0.001);女性50岁～74岁年龄组BMD呈快速下降(P＜0.001),50岁～54岁年龄组E2呈快速下降(P＜0.001).在50岁～54岁女性前臂远端1/10比1/3部位显示更高的OP患病率(P＜0.01).前臂BMD与T水平(男性)、E2水平(女性)的下降呈密切正相关(P＜0.01).经年龄标化,中老年男性和女性OP患病率分别为16.57%和44.19%.结论性激素水平与OP患病关系密切.同时测量前臂远端1/3和1/10部位BMD有助于OP的准确诊断.中老年干部尤其围绝经期女性,是OP防治的重点人群.