数字图书馆建设中知识产权问题简述

图书馆数字化是信息时代的必然趋势,数字技术、网络技术在图书馆的应用,提高了图书馆文献信息服务的功能。但在数字图书馆建设中,也存在诸多知识产权问题,特别是版权保护问题慷慨陈词骗取矛盾十分突出,法定许可制度、合理使用制度、公共借阅权制度是目前解决数字图书馆建设中知识产权问题的主要方法。     

借用-仿译-创译：轨道交通公示语翻译的实用路径 ——从英语国家轨道交通公示语看广州轨道交通公示语英译

现有轨道交通公示语翻译研究主要为“纠错型”,对翻译的路径研究较少。在前人研究的基础上提出“借用-仿译-创译” 的翻译路径,并结合主要英语国家（如澳大利亚、英国、美国）轨道交通公示语考察广州轨道交通公示语英译,旨在为轨道交通 公示语翻译提供实用、有效的路径,切实提高翻译质量。     

日语外来语的来源与作用

日语的词汇有“和语”、汉语、外来语三种词汇。一般来说,外来语主要指从西欧语系中汇入日语的词汇。外国语在传入日本时,在语形、语意、语音上会发生一些变化。外来语在表现新事物、新概念、新思维等方面具有积极作用。     

清水江中下游苗族契约中苗汉语互借机制研究

清水江中下游苗族村寨留存的近十万份苗族契约中存在丰富的苗汉语互借的文字记载,尤其是"汉字记苗音"地名的苗汉语互借现象非常突出,这些现象反映了从清初到民国近300年的时间段里汉语和苗语互借情况,也导致苗语地名的历史渊源和隐涵的文化背景出现"失语"。本文对平鳌、文斗2个苗族村寨大量契约中"汉字记苗音"地名的苗汉语互借现象进行分析研究,探索"汉字记苗音"地名的类型及规律,以探明苗汉语互借的机制和缘由。     

德昂语借词的变化 --以户弄德昂语为例

云南省陇川县户弄村德昂族的语言与傣族的语言有很多借用关系,虽然这两种语言属于不同的语系,但人口少的民族向人口多的民族借用语言是普遍的。从户弄德昂语基本词汇变化类型、特点两方面来看户弄德昂语的变化,可看出民族语言借词的发展趋势。     

现代英语词汇特征及其成因探析

英语之所以能发展成为目前世界上最活跃、拥有大约二百万个词汇、最有潜力成为世界语的原因之一就是在其发展过程中不断地吐故纳新。为了适应社会发展变化的需要,英语词汇跟所有语言的词汇一样,有一个新陈代谢的过程,新词新义不断出现,旧词旧义不断淘汰。本文从现代英语新词汇的构成及其语义变化着手探析现代英语词汇的特征及成因。     

Utilization of treatment effect on a surrogate endpoint for planning a study to evaluate treatment effect on a final endpoint

To design a phase III study with a final endpoint and calculate the required sample size for the desired probability of success, we need a good estimate of the treatment effect on the endpoint. It is prudent to fully utilize all available information including the historical and phase II information of the treatment as well as external data of the other treatments. It is not uncommon that a phase II study may use a surrogate endpoint as the primary endpoint and has no or limited data for the final endpoint. On the other hand, external information from the other studies for the other treatments on the surrogate and final endpoints may be available to establish a relationship between the treatment effects on the two endpoints. Through this relationship, making full use of the surrogate information may enhance the estimate of the treatment effect on the final endpoint. In this research, we propose a bivariate Bayesian analysis approach to comprehensively deal with the problem. A dynamic borrowing approach is considered to regulate the amount of historical data and surrogate information borrowing based on the level of consistency. A much simpler frequentist method is also discussed. Simulations are conducted to compare the performances of different approaches. An example is used to illustrate the applications of the methods.     

具有最小交易量限制的多阶段均值-半方差投资组合优化

考虑交易成本,借款约束和阈值约束,文章提出了具有最小交易量限制的多阶段均值-半方差投资组合模型。该模型是具有路径依赖性的混合整数动态优化问题,还是NP完全问题。文章提出了前向动态规划方法求解。最后,通过一个算例比较不同风险约束下的最优投资策略,从而验证模型和算法的有效性。     

Translations in social work

This article is concerned with the relation between classical texts within social work and the interpretation of these classics in contemporary literature. It aims to explore how classical texts influence and work in our perception of, and writing about, our history, but also how they influence our perception of social work today. A study is made of Mary Richmond’s classic text Social diagnosis [1917. Social diagnosis. New York, NY: The Russell Sage Foundation] and later interpretations of her text in secondary literature. Through this analysis, a grand narrative within the effective history of social work: social work as a ‘borrowing field’ is questioned. Using translation theory as an alternative to the borrowing metaphor, I analyze the transference of ideas and concepts from other disciplines into social work and how these processes have been perceived. The dynamic processes of translation places social work within an interdisciplinary field, where ideas and concepts are continually exchanged between disciplines. It is the thesis of this article that research into authorities within the discipline and early contributions to the development of social work strengthen the discipline’s insight into past and current theoretical contributions within the discipline itself and the knowledge base of social work.     

从王力先生两部字典说起--再论应当承认通假字与同源字的交叉

王力先生一方面在《同源字典》中提出通假字不是同源字,因为它们不是同义词,或意义相近的词,即凡通假字双方其意义是一概不相通不相关的,另一方面又在其《王力古汉语字典》中将许许多多通假字同时列为同源字,前后相反。从汉代至清代对通假字的注释一般不将其意义相通相关者排除在外,这是已经形成的否定不了的历史传统,所谓不相通不相关论不但不符合通假字产生的历史事实,而且更是难以推行的,应当承认通假字与同源字是有交叉的。