The Policy Transfer Model

ABSTRACT

“New” social welfare policies are often actually policies borrowed from other states or nations. This paper reviews the recent theoretical developments in understanding the processes of policy transfer and presents a “policy transfer” model that can be a useful heuristic tool for social workers engaged in policy making. It discusses how the field of social work can benefit from understanding the factors underlying successful and unsuccessful policy transfer, and argues for the inclusion of the study of policy transfer in social welfare policy courses.     

20世纪90年代以来小说对神秘文化的借鉴

当代一些作家把神秘文化作为一种关照世界和人生的文化哲学借鉴到文学中,表达他们对外在世界和生命现象的情感体悟和哲理思考。从这个层次上讲,对神秘文化的借鉴是对建立在传统认识论基础上的现实主义的超越,也是文学自身摆脱简单、透明与单一的一种努力。当代文学对神秘文化的借鉴不仅丰富了当代文学的内容,也有助于塑造丰满的人物形象,构成完整的故事情节,渲染必要的环境气氛,甚至表达作者的某些哲理性思考。对神秘文化的借鉴,在某种程度上,也放飞了作家的想象力,使文学的浪漫主义因素得以发扬光大。     

改革藏书组织流程 强化图书内阅服务

在高校图书馆中开放时间最长的一个部门就是参考书阅览室,如何利用好这块阵地,搞好藏书质量,提高图书利用率,是一个有现实意义的课题.本文对作者所在馆的参考书阅览室现状与管理作了深入的调查,提出了新书改流和搞好藏书建设的方案,阐述了新书改流的意义与益处,针对存在的问题找到了解决的对策与切实可行的办法,对进一步做好高校图书馆参考书阅览室的工作有一定的启迪作用.     

高校图书馆与大学生读者借阅中的法律关系

高校图书馆与大学生读者的关系是平等的契约关系,受《合同法》调整。高校图书馆与读者之间是服务与接受服务的关系,而不再是管理与被管理的关系。读者须知,图书借阅规则等属于一种格式条款,其内容往往缺乏公平合理性,需要加强规制,从而切实维护高校图书馆与大学生读者双方的合法权益。     

Applications of Bayesian analysis to proof‐of‐concept trial planning and decision making

Decision making is a critical component of a new drug development process. Based on results from an early clinical trial such as a proof of concept trial, the sponsor can decide whether to continue, stop, or defer the development of the drug. To simplify and harmonize the decision‐making process, decision criteria have been proposed in the literature. One of them is to exam the location of a confidence bar relative to the target value and lower reference value of the treatment effect. In this research, we modify an existing approach by moving some of the “stop” decision to “consider” decision so that the chance of directly terminating the development of a potentially valuable drug can be reduced. As Bayesian analysis has certain flexibilities and can borrow historical information through an inferential prior, we apply the Bayesian analysis to the trial planning and decision making. Via a design prior, we can also calculate the probabilities of various decision outcomes in relationship with the sample size and the other parameters to help the study design. An example and a series of computations are used to illustrate the applications, assess the operating characteristics, and compare the performances of different approaches.     

对“劳务租赁”用工制度的法律探讨

劳务租赁为近几年在国内新兴的一种用工制度,劳动关系较为复杂.通过对劳动关系与劳务关系的法律性质比较分析认为,劳动力不应成为租赁的对象,用工单位与被派遣的劳动者之间应属于劳动法律关系,应对这种用人单位以规避法定义务、损害劳动者合法权益的用工行为予以禁止.     

Leveraging historical data into oncology development programs: Two case studies of phase 2 Bayesian augmented control trial designs

Leveraging historical data into the design and analysis of phase 2 randomized controlled trials can improve efficiency of drug development programs. Such approaches can reduce sample size without loss of power. Potential issues arise when the current control arm is inconsistent with historical data, which may lead to biased estimates of treatment efficacy, loss of power, or inflated type 1 error. Consideration as to how to borrow historical information is important, and in particular, adjustment for prognostic factors should be considered. This paper will illustrate two motivating case studies of oncology Bayesian augmented control (BAC) trials. In the first example, a glioblastoma study, an informative prior was used for the control arm hazard rate. Sample size savings were 15% to 20% by using a BAC design. In the second example, a pancreatic cancer study, a hierarchical model borrowing method was used, which enabled the extent of borrowing to be determined by consistency of observed study data with historical studies. Supporting Bayesian analyses also adjusted for prognostic factors. Incorporating historical data via Bayesian trial design can provide sample size savings, reduce study duration, and enable a more scientific approach to development of novel therapies by avoiding excess recruitment to a control arm. Various sensitivity analyses are necessary to interpret results. Current industry efforts for data transparency have meaningful implications for access to patient‐level historical data, which, while not critical, is helpful to adjust for potential imbalances in prognostic factors.     

论我国经济立法中的法律移植

法律移植的讨论在我国始于 80年代中期 ,并日渐成为法学界的一个热点问题。文章通过对法律移植涵义的辨析 ,澄清了我们的误解。文章论证了在我国经济立法中法律移植的可行性和必要性 ,认为法律移植是建立和完善社会主义市场经济法律体系的一条重要途径。法律移植有风险因素的存在 ,我们必须正视、分析、论证其对移植的阻力。经济法律移植必须立足本国 ,洋为中用 ,学有发展 ,把移植的法律融入我国的法律体系 ,为经济建设服务。作者从我国实际出发 ,对经济法律移植的程序 ,提出了自己的建议。     

Roles of Stock Price and Exchange Rate in Slovakia's Money Demand Function and Policy Implications

The demand for real M1 in Slovakia is positively influenced by real output and the stock price and negatively associated with the deposit rate, depreciation of the koruna, the euro interest rate, and the expected inflation rate. Considering the goods and the money market simultaneously, these results suggest that a higher stock price may or may not cause real output to rise and that a depreciation of the koruna or a higher euro interest rate would help raise Slovakia's real output. The coefficients of the deposit rate and the stock price in real M2 demand are insignificant at the 10% level. The likelihood ratio test in the extended Box–Cox model shows that the double-log form cannot be rejected at the 5% level while the linear form can be rejected at the 5% level. The CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests show that the money demand function was relatively stable.      

早晚期东巴经假借字的时代特点

纳西东巴经产生于不同的时代,它反映了各个时代的文化背景和语言文字现象。通过对早期经典《人类迁徙传略》和晚期经典《送情死者》比较研究,分析早晚期经典中假借字的异同,得出这样的结论:假借字数量与时代早晚有关,即时代早的经典,假借字数量少;时代晚的经典,假借字数量多。