地方政府直接举债的宪政条件

地方政府直接举债需具备如下要件:一是各级政府事权法治化,它可以有效预防中央政府强制向地方政府下放事权而不提供相应财力;二是本级政府应有一定的税收立法自主权和规范的转移支付来源,它是地方政府独立承担财政责任的物质基础;三是地方政府应当具有独立公法人地位,它是地方政府直接举债的法律人格;四是要有宪法、法律明确授权,它是主权信用健康的法治保障。     

Financial Market Globalization,Symmetry‐Breaking,and Endogenous Inequality of Nations

This paper investigates the effects of financial market globalization on the inequality of nations. The world economy consists of inherently identical countries, which differ only in their levels of capital stock. Each country is represented by the standard overlapping generations model, modified only to incorporate credit market imperfection. An integration of financial markets affects the set of stable steady states, as it changes the balance between the equalizing force of the diminishing returns technology and the unequalizing force of the wealth‐dependent borrowing constraint. The model is tractable enough to allow for a complete characterization of the stable steady states. In the absence of the international financial market, the world economy has a unique steady state, which is symmetric and stable. In the presence of the international financial market, symmetry‐breaking occurs under some conditions. That is, the symmetric steady state loses its stability and stable asymmetric steady states come to exist. In the stable asymmetric steady states, the world economy is endogenously divided into the rich and poor countries; the borrowing constraints are binding in the poor but not in the rich; the world output is smaller, the rich are richer and the poor are poorer in any of the stable asymmetric steady states than in the (unstable) symmetric steady state.     

Bayesian hierarchical models for adaptive basket trial designs

Basket trials evaluate a single drug targeting a single genetic variant in multiple cancer cohorts. Empirical findings suggest that treatment efficacy across baskets may be heterogeneous. Most modern basket trial designs use Bayesian methods. These methods require the prior specification of at least one parameter that permits information sharing across baskets. In this study, we provide recommendations for selecting a prior for scale parameters for adaptive basket trials by using Bayesian hierarchical modeling. Heterogeneity among baskets attracts much attention in basket trial research, and substantial heterogeneity challenges the basic assumption of exchangeability of Bayesian hierarchical approach. Thus, we also allowed each stratum-specific parameter to be exchangeable or nonexchangeable with similar strata by using data observed in an interim analysis. Through a simulation study, we evaluated the overall performance of our design based on statistical power and type I error rates. Our research contributes to the understanding of the properties of Bayesian basket trial designs.     

从点化唐诗看李煜词对于北宋词的范本意义

李煜词给人总的印象是,极少用典,毫不晦涩,名篇名句流传极广,具有高度的语言独创性.然而,事实上在宋以前词人中,点化唐诗最多、对宋代词人创作方式影响最大的就是李煜,这一点至今未引起人们注意.李煜词对唐诗的点化,均与自身的情调、意境融为一体,真正达到了运化无痕的境界.北宋人普遍欣赏李煜词,把后主词作为创作范本来学习和借鉴,并将点化唐诗发展成一种普遍的创作方法和技巧.有观点认为宋人对于李煜词批评多于称赞,眨抑甚于推崇,盖是误解了宋人.     

<说文解字注>中的"引申假借"

本文详细分析了段玉裁《说文解字注》中“引申假借”的性质 ,指出有的是词义引申 ,有的是用字假借 ,拟声拟态词 ,语境临时义等。并剖析了段氏造成这种矛盾和失误的原因 :有社会历史的、也有语言本身的。我们治学既不能盲从古人 ,也不应苛求古人     

纳西东巴经《创世纪》中假借字研究

《创世纪》是纳西族的创世史诗,它是早期经典的代表,对于研究纳西族的历史、语言、文字有非常重要的学术价值。文章对该经典中假借字的实际使用情况进行了研究。经典中假借字数量占总字数的50％左右,不少假借字已趋于统一和固定,成为一种造字法;被借字多为单音节字,也可以借双音节字的一个音节,还有借双音节字来表示双音节词的;被借字表示的多为具体实在的意义,而假借字意义则主要表示抽象的概念。     

高校图书馆馆员借阅管理探讨

高校图书馆馆员的借阅中,各学校都出现一些不尽人意的现象,加强馆员借阅的管理,已成为高校图书馆管理中首要解决的问题之一,现从不同角度来分析馆员的借阅问题,就加强馆员借阅管理加以探讨,文章提出一些馆员借阅管理上的措施.     

How to Make Model‐free Feature Screening Approaches for Full Data Applicable to the Case of Missing Response?

It is quite a challenge to develop model‐free feature screening approaches for missing response problems because the existing standard missing data analysis methods cannot be applied directly to high dimensional case. This paper develops some novel methods by borrowing information of missingness indicators such that any feature screening procedures for ultrahigh‐dimensional covariates with full data can be applied to missing response case. The first method is the so‐called missing indicator imputation screening, which is developed by proving that the set of the active predictors of interest for the response is a subset of the active predictors for the product of the response and missingness indicator under some mild conditions. As an alternative, another method called Venn diagram‐based approach is also developed. The sure screening property is proven for both methods. It is shown that the complete case analysis can also keep the sure screening property of any feature screening approach with sure screening property.     

论民间金融的策略性选择

民间金融是指没有纳入中国人民银行等金融监管机构的常规监管体系,并缺乏政府协调和指导的民间自发的金融活动。民间金融对于经济发展既有积极的支持作用,也产生一定的负面影响。因此,应在正视其存在的客观性的同时,通过立法明确其地位,并逐步将其纳入我国统一的金融监管体系。     

Elman神经网络在银行间同业拆借利率分析中的应用

利用Elman网络建立了同业拆借利率的神经网络模型,根据msereg性能函数确定了神经网络的输入层个数,采用不同的算法训练网络,从中选出L-M算法是最为快速和准确的。经所提算法训练过的网络在处理复杂时间序列方面具有很好的学习能力和泛化能力。