Risk Characterization for Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology is a broad term that encompasses materials, structures, or processes that utilize engineered nanomaterials, which can be defined as materials intentionally designed to have one or more dimensions between 1 and 100 nm. Historically, risk characterization has been viewed as the final phase of a risk assessment process that integrates hazard identification, dose‐response assessment, and exposure assessment. The novelty and diversity of materials, structures, and tools that are covered by above‐defined “nanotechnology” raise substantial methodological issues and pose significant challenges for each of these phases of risk assessment. These issues and challenges culminate in the risk characterization phase of the risk assessment process, and this article discusses several of these key issues and approaches to developing risk characterization results and their implications for risk management decision making that are specific to nanotechnology.     

唐代商人入仕途径考析

唐代商人入仕与前代相比较不仅数量增多,而且入仕多门。唐前期商人入仕途径主要有捐献财物、出任斜封官、以捉钱令史入仕、告密及受人提携而入仕;唐后期商人则可以通过私觌官制、朝廷卖官令、军功、科举、方镇辟署以及贿赂等手段跻身仕途。唐代商人入仕途径的演变既反映了唐代政治经济形势的变化,又彰显了他们不同于其他阶层的入仕特色。     

基于平衡记分卡的税务审计绩效评估研究

将原来应用于企业组织绩效评估的平衡记分卡方法引入税务审计绩效评估有助于改进税务机关的绩效评估工作,但是在应用时必须充分体现税务审计的公共性和非营利性。     

企业社会业绩内部评价体系研究

在企业社会责任受到广泛关注的现在,企业社会业绩内部评价正越来越成为事关企业生存与发展的新课题.由此,构建了一个服务于企业生存与发展要求的企业社会业绩内部评价体系,该体系由理念层面评价(指企业关于社会责任的看法评价),行为层面评价(指企业社会责任管理及企业行为评价),结果层面评价(指企业对社会的影响评价),战略性评价(指从企业战略角度对企业社会业绩的总体评价)等4部分组成.     

高校计算机基础课程教学改革之探讨

计算机应用水平是衡量大学生业务素质的突出标志。为加强对学生计算机基础知识的教育与培养,分析目前计算机基础教学中存在的问题,从教学内容、教学方法、考核方式三方面提出改进办法。     

当代教师职业道德建设新内涵

经济转型、社会转型,要求赋予当代师德建设新的内涵。树立以学生为本的理念,尊重学生主体地位。学生是权利主体,学生是行为主体,学生是生命主体,学生是发展主体。增强教师职业幸福感,需要优秀文化的熏陶,教育平台的搭建,幸福教育环境的营造,塑造大爱师魂。大爱是崇高境界,大爱是博大情怀。     

唐代入仕商人任职考析

尽管唐代依然秉承＂工商杂类,不得预于士伍＂的原则,但商人及其子弟总能利用唐廷或制度内或制度外的各种罅隙,渐渐侵入到唐代官僚体系的机体之中,并使某些制度在缓慢地发生改变。从整体而言,唐代入仕商人所任官职由前期的非正员官、低级品官逐渐向后期的正员职事官、高级品官转化,唐王朝就在包括商人入仕的多种腐蚀剂的作用下走向了不归之路。     

基于协同创新视域下闽台职业教育交流与合作

在协同创新的过程中,闽台职业教育交流与合作将面临重大的挑战和机遇,这就需要政府、企业、学校等多方面的努力,为推进闽台职业教育交流与合作的协同创新模式提供有利保障。主要从闽台职业教育交流合作进行协同创新的必然性出发,对出现的问题进行了剖析,并运用多种对策进行了论证。     

Variability in PAH-DNA Adduct Measurements in Peripheral Mononuclear Cells: Implications for Quantitative Cancer Risk Assessment

Biomarkers such as DNA adducts have significant potential to improve quantitative risk assessment by characterizing individual differences in metabolism of genotoxins and DNA repair and accounting for some of the factors that could affect interindividual variation in cancer risk. Inherent uncertainty in laboratory measurements and within-person variability of DNA adduct levels over time are putatively unrelated to cancer risk and should be subtracted from observed variation to better estimate interindividual variability of response to carcinogen exposure. A total of 41 volunteers, both smokers and nonsmokers, were asked to provide a peripheral blood sample every 3 weeks for several months in order to specifically assess intraindividual variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adduct levels. The intraindividual variance in PAH-DNA adduct levels, together with measurement uncertainty (laboratory variability and unaccounted for differences in exposure), constituted roughly 30% of the overall variance. An estimated 70% of the total variance was contributed by interindividual variability and is probably representative of the true biologic variability of response to carcinogenic exposure in lymphocytes. The estimated interindividual variability in DNA damage after subtracting intraindividual variability and measurement uncertainty was 24-fold. Inter-individual variance was higher (52-fold) in persons who constitutively lack the Glutathione S-Transferase M1 (GSTM1) gene which is important in the detoxification pathway of PAH. Risk assessment models that do not consider the variability of susceptibility to DNA damage following carcinogen exposure may underestimate risks to the general population, especially for those people who are most vulnerable.     

大学新生职业生涯规划方法与途径

论述了大学生职业生涯规划要从大学新生开始做起，根据新生的阶段特点和行为特征，指出了大学新生进行职业生涯规划的重要意义并提出了新生进行职业生涯规划的方法与途径，得出了新生只有在大学的生活里努力提高自己各方面的能力、强化各方面的素质，才能在激烈的市场竞争中找到适合自己的岗位。