实证主义视角下的国际关系理论建构与理论检验

作为一门年轻的学科,国际关系学在方法论方面仍存在很大的不足。我们可以借鉴实证主义的研究思路,采取定量研究的逻辑过程,具体沿用社会学的科学研究方法,同时在方法论、研究方法和研究技术三个层次上探讨国际关系理论建构与理论检验的方法。     

生命早春里的一缕轻烟——对《小城三月》主人公翠姨的命运分析

萧红是中国现代文学史上一位风格独特的女作家,翠姨是她最后一部作品<小城三月>中的主人公.萧红采用平视叙述视角,使人体会到翠姨之死,一方面是呼兰小城那愚昧、保守的社会环境造成的;另一方面翠姨自身软弱的性格和对男权至上传统道德观念习俗的认同深深毒害了她的思想,这也是她悲剧归宿的深层原因.     

大学生深度学习的性别差异分析

从性别视角分析男女大学生在深度学习方面的差异,研究发现,女大学生深度学习的总体水平略高于男大学生,表现为女大学生在实践反思、信息整合、学习态度、学习价值观等方面高于男大学生,而男大学生在理解性练习方面略高于女大学生。这种性别差异是综合因素影响的结果。因此,开展大学生深度学习的性别研究,根据性别差异开展深度教学,实施多样化评价,是提高大学生深度学习水平的有效途径。     

《我的安东妮亚》“回归主题”的多重分析

在薇拉·凯瑟小说《我的安东妮亚》第四卷结尾处,主人公吉姆.波顿出人意料地离弃了他的恋人安东妮亚,20年后又返回西部大草原看望她。吉姆的这一"离"一"回/归",多年来一直是学术界关注的焦点。许多学者纷纷从各种视角,如女性主义、酷儿理论或生态文学解读吉姆的"回归"。但是,综观国内外学者对该作品的研究,笔者发现他们只是从单一视角去研究分析该作品的"回归主题",因此,本文将从精神分析、文化研究、女性主义和生态批评等视角对该主题进行多重分析。     

A Pastoral Understanding of Positive Aging

Abstract

Positive aging may be more dependent on spiritual well-being than physical capacity. Understanding the spiritual perspective derives from the dichotomy between the “perceptual” and the “spiritual” realms of human awareness. Awareness of spiritual process in relationship to positive aging may also offer counseling additional challenges and opportunities, including: a balanced perspective on life issues, a sense of humor, counter-factual thinking, internal strengths and resources for growing through life losses and crises, and compensation skills that focus on current capacity and chosen pathways rather than dwelling on lost abilities.     

The Early Modern Economy of the Yangzi Delta in a New Perspective

China has experienced spectacular economic growth during the past three decades and seen some parts of the country, in particular the Yangzi Delta, swiftly converging with the developed countries in the level of economic development. This unprecedented growth has been seen as the greatest economic miracle in world history. This miracle is based on the economic performance of the Yangzi Delta in the long run of centuries. It is impossible to achieve a better understanding of the economic miracle of the delta without a better understanding of the basis created by the delta’s economy during its long historical development, in particular in the centuries before the modern West arrived in the mid- nineteenth century. To achieve this objective, we must break free of the West-centric straightjacket and study China’s early modern economy from a new perspective, which will be crucial to improve our knowledge of Chinese economic performance prior to the arrival of the West.     

论《生死疲劳》的叙事策略

莫言仅用43天的时间就创作了近50万字的《生死疲劳》,其创作速度之快、文本之厚重、情节之复杂都令人惊奇。《生死疲劳》的成功与莫言独特的叙事策略密不可分,"六道轮回"的叙事模式、灵活多变的叙述视角以及怪诞传奇的叙事情节,不单是吸引读者的因素,更是文本构造的支柱。     

Are the Competent the Morally Good? Perspective Taking and Moral Motivation of Children Involved in Bullying

The present study tested the hypothesis of the cognitively competent but morally insensitive bully. On the basis of teacher and peer ratings, 212 young elementary school children were selected and categorized as bullies, bully–victims, victims, and prosocial children. Children's perspective-taking skills were assessed using theory-of-mind tasks, and moral motivation was assessed with a task about moral emotion attributions after moral rule transgressions. Analyses at the group level revealed that only bully–victims, but not bullies, were characterized by a deficit in perspective taking, while both aggressive groups showed a deficit in moral motivation. Analyses at the individual level, however, revealed that bullies were a more heterogeneous group, including children with an asymmetry between perspective taking and moral motivation, as well as children scoring consistently low or high on both measures. The findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between (1) strategic social–cognitive and moral competencies and (2) different subgroups of bullies.     

供给视角的国民经济动员潜力理论探索

国民经济动员潜力建设是国民经济动员准备的首要任务, 国民经济动员潜力的研究将促进国民经济动员学研究的深化。通常认为, 应该针对特定需求来评价国民经济动员潜力；但是, 需求不清一直困扰着国民经济动员潜力研究。在需求不清的情况下, 从超常供给能力的角度来界定动员潜力概念、研究动员潜力生成机制, 是一条可行的途径。在平时状态下, 国民经济体系表现出常规的投入产出关系；在危机状态下, 危机所产生的压力作用于国民经济体系, 将增加特定资源的供给量, 危机状态下的资源供给量的增量, 就是我们所关注的国民经济动员潜力。     

The role of time perspective in predicting Iranian farmers’ participatory-based water conservation attitude and behavior

ABSTRACT

In current perspective, farmers’ participatory behavior toward conservation of water resources (FPBCWR) is one of the most important strategies under water resource management in rural Iran. In this regard, understanding the predictors of farmers’ participatory-based water conservation behaviors and attitudes is gaining more importance than earlier. Among different dimensions of farmers’ participatory behavior, the potential of temporal frames was examined rarely. Thus, 322 Iranian farmers were investigated to examine the potential of their time perspectives in predicting their participatory-based water conservation behavior and attitude. According to the study results, the effects of present orientation on attitude and behavior were negatively significant, while the effects of future orientation on attitude and behavior were positively significant, whereas its effects (path coefficients) were stronger than present orientation effects. Past orientation did not have a significant effect on attitude, though attitude positively and significantly affected farmers’ participatory behavior. The results of causal analysis revealed that presented model accounted for 58% of variance in farmers’ ‘behavior’ and 42% of variance in “attitude.” In conclusion, a few demonstrable illustrations of policy implications are presented to enable utilizing the important findings and concluding results of this study that is linked further with water resource management domain.