Children, death and ageism

The position of children in the social order can be seen as an ambiguous one. On the one hand, they are highly valued, at a rhetorical level at least, as the basis of the future generation. On the other hand, however, they can be seen to be marginalized and disenfranchised, protected from more aspects of social life than is strictly necessary. This paper explores some of the important issues relating to children's disenfranchised social position, with specific reference to issues relating to death, dying and bereavement.     

Crafting Child‐friendly Cities: Evidence from Biratnagar Sub‐metropolitan City,Eastern Nepal

Our cities are increasingly becoming the sites where children socialize, observe, and learn how society functions and many local and global activities have impacted children's health and well‐being. The Child‐friendly Cities initiative, launched by the United Nations Children's Fund and the United Nations Human Settlements Programme in 1996, draws in diverse stakeholders to place children at the center of the urban agenda. Based on social work research, this article analyzes the acclaimed status of Biratnagar Sub‐metropolitan city, Eastern Nepal, as a child‐friendly city. Despite its efforts, the city of Biratnagar is yet to meet the required criteria to claim itself as a child‐friendly city. Further improvements by the city administration in achieving children's participation in decision‐making, child‐friendly legal environment, and code of conduct are essential. Based on the evidence, the authors advocate for bottom‐up approaches that include children's voices and their real participation in city governance and a strong political will to craft child‐friendly cities, not as a policy rhetoric but for real. Enabling children to fulfill their potential as equal participants in crafting child‐friendly cities will require adults to relinquish some of their hegemonic powers of decision‐making on behalf of children.     

新政治经济学视野下的党报经营改革

党报经营制度改革是传媒研究中的一个重要问题。在新政治经济学看来,党报经营制度改革的起因是制度供求不均衡,党报经营制度变迁的模式是诱致性制度变迁与强制性制度变迁的相互作用,党报经营制度变迁的轨迹表现为路径依赖。     

A Legal Structure for Limiting the Agency Cost of Stock Rights Transfer

The unilateral disposition of stock rights’ voting rights detracts from the welfare of the other shareholders. Contractual arrangements restricting or prohibiting the transfer of stock rights under the capital majority rule may infringe upon shareholders’ right of withdrawal, further weakening stock market constraints on senior management and indirectly raising the agency cost of management abuse of power for private ends. In creating a legal structure for stock rights transfer, we need to find an appropriate balance between freedom of contract, capital majority rule and reduction of agency costs. Judges should determine that the transfer of voting rights is invalid in order to ensure that voting rights match residual claim rights and maintain the constraints on senior management represented by shareholder voting rights. The general prohibition of stock rights transfer in the articles of association blocks shareholders’ right of withdrawal; this is not conducive to restraining potential abuses of power on the part of senior management and should be made invalid. Judges must differentiate between long- and short-term contracts and the initial and revised clauses of the articles of association in order to distinguish between the efficacy of different arrangements limiting transfer of stock rights as laid down in the articles of association.     

从“亲亲相隐”到“亲亲不隐”

“亲亲相隐”是我国古代的一项法律制度,它肯定了亲属之间相互隐匿罪行的正当性,符合中国古代礼法并用的律法特点。然而在现代法治社会,人们越来越重视对权利的维护,法律成为维权最重要的依据。法律面前人人平等是我国现代司法制度的基本要求,如果将“亲亲相隐”法制化,则意味着,在现代法律中血缘亲情将成为能够影响定罪量刑的关键因素。如此一来,司法何以体现公正,如何保证法律面前人人平等？所以,将“亲亲相隐”法制化的观念是不可取的。     

新媒体与农民工的维权表达

当前农民工的权利存在着较为严重的缺失。构建有助于农民工维权表达机制非常重要。在农民工的维权上,传统媒体存在着些许弊端:一是多选取具有典型性质的农民工维权个案,而忽略其他个案;二是更加关注市民的权利状况,而疏于关注农民工的权利;三是它的地域性特点也易削弱农民工维权表达的力度。新媒体:有助于为农民工创设一种改变"他者"身份的话语表达机制,有助于为所有农民工提供一种主动维权表达的机制,有助于为农民工维权行为建构一种较为开放的信息传播机制,有助于为农民工铺建与网络意见领袖的桥梁机制。农民工的权利实现还取决于其他因素。     

全球性时代的人权

本文认为,以西方文化为特色的人权正在获得全球性。这种全球性表现为:人权成为全人类的普遍关怀;人权规则在各国宪法和法律中得以普及,并逐步形成了一系列效力遍及全球的具有多样化的人权规则系统;联合国和各区域性国家组织形成有关人权保障的制度;人权问题已成为全球的核心问题之一。文章还就人权全球性获得的原因、人权的全球性与人权的民族性的关系、人权与国家主权的关系等重要问题从理论上作了阐述,提出了有价值的观点。     

Freedom of association in the Bangladeshi garment industry: A policy schizophrenia in labour regulation

The right to freedom of association is fundamental for the establishment of labour unionism as an institution. While the Government of Bangladesh requires enabling legal provisions for unionization in its garment industry, regulation to ensure the right to freedom of association has proved ineffective in upholding labour unionism. This article highlights the need for legislation capable of drawing on the complementary skills and resources of the Government, factory owners, labour unions and global brands to secure a sustained commitment and contribution towards the socio-economic and political dimensions of labour relations in Bangladesh's ready-made garment industry.     

ADHD and Brain Anatomy: What Do Academic Textbooks Used in the Netherlands Tell Students?

Studies of brain size of children classified with ADHD appear to reveal smaller brains when compared to ‘normal’ children. Yet, what does this mean? Even with the use of rigorously screened case and control groups, these studies show only small, average group differences between children with and without an ADHD classification. However, academic textbooks used in the Netherlands often portray individual children with an ADHD classification as having a different, malfunctioning brain that necessitates medical intervention. This conceptualisation of ADHD might serve professional interests, but not necessarily the interests of children.