淫羊藿研究进展

2000版中国药典中收录5种淫羊藿属植物入药,即传统中药淫羊藿.近年来对该属植物的研究在植物分类、化学成分提取分析和药理方面都取得了很大进展.本文综述了淫羊藿属植物分布、化学成分、主要药效成分检测方法以及提取工艺、栽培和采收,并对中药淫羊藿在增强免疫机能、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗肿瘤等方面的药效作用进行了简单概括.鉴于淫羊藿属植物具有多方面的生理活性,而我国淫羊藿属资源丰富,建议从植物发育生理、代谢过程,以及中西医结合等方面继续进行深入研究、开发,以期更好的利用淫羊藿属植物资源.     

试论日军遗留化学武器问题

2003年齐齐哈尔“八·四”侵华日军遗留化学武器毒剂泄漏事件,使侵华日军遗留化学武器问题以及对日遗留化武诉讼再次成为人们关注的焦点。遗留化学武器的现实危害性及其广泛性、长期性使其不同于以往对日民间索赔案件。本文将从介绍侵华日军遗留在华化学武器问题入手,联系日军遗留在华化学武器伤害索赔案,探讨解决这一问题的途径。     

微波消解在高岭土化学成分分析中的应用

分别采用微波消解及GB-T 14563-2008中的高温碱熔法分解高岭土试样,并按国标测定了SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、TiO2、CaO、MgO含量。结果表明：用微波消解法只需8m in就能完全消解试样,两种分解方法测定的结果一致。微波消解法具有简便、快速、可靠的优点,它可替代国标中的高温碱熔法用于生产控制分析。     

化学反应工程教学内容及教学方法探讨

通过对化学反应工程学科特点介绍,综合培养目标及学生就业方向,在现有教学背景下,从教学内容、教学条件、教学方法等方面进行了探讨,力求达到更好的教学效果;同时,强调理论联系实际,培养学生综合能力等方面做了有益的教改探索,为培养地方性应用型人才作出努力。     

The Use of Chemical Restraints for Older Long-Term Hospital Patients: A Case Report from Finland

The purpose of this study was to describe the use and concomitant use of psychotropics and other drugs as chemical restraints in the aged in long-term hospital care. The study consisted of 154 patients (42 men, 112 women) hospitalized in five long-term care wards in Pori City Hospital, Finland. Three or more psychotropics were regularly given to 33% of the patients and regularly or irregularly to 53% of the patients. Two or more benzodiazepine derivatives or related drugs were regularly given to 24% of the patients and regularly or irregularly to 46% of the patients. The very poor cognitive and functional abilities of the patients, the common concomitant use of psychotropic drugs, the use of psychotropics to control the behavior of the patients, and the lack of documentation of the effects and side effects of the drugs give rise to the conclusion that psychotropics were used as chemical restraints in these long-term care wards.     

The Use of Group Work to Fight Acute External Threats to a Community-Based Organization During Harsh Economic Times

This article addresses the use of group work in a community-based outpatient children's mental health agency to respond to financial threats by county and state government during the economic downturn of 2008–2009. Three specific threats that came within months of one another are discussed: (1) the threat to close down a chemical dependency treatment service for youth, (2) severe funding cuts to an outreach program for immigrant youth and their families, and (3) a state government plan to restructure/reform reimbursement for outpatient mental health services that promises to reduce access to care for underinsured families. Group work was used to organize, educate, and activate staff, board, community, and consumer groups, in large and small groups, to counter the threats and build a culture of advocacy. Lending a vision, empowering advocates, managing polarity, and shaping the advocacy message were essential elements of the advocacy process.     

War and Peace: Social Work and the State of Chemical Dependency Treatment in the United States

SUMMARY

In recent decades, treatment for alcohol and drug problems in the United States has been influenced by a number of factors. This article discusses several of these factors, including the “War on Drugs,” with its emphasis on law enforcement and interdiction, and managed health care, which has compromised access to treatment. In spite of these factors, the U.S. invests a goodly amount in alcohol and drug prevention and treatment services and research. Efforts are being made to ensure that research findings are being translated into improved clinical practice. Among the controversial issues in the treatment arena are recent efforts by the Bush administration to promote public funding of faith- or religious-based groups in delivering chemical dependency services. Social workers commonly see people with alcohol and drug problems in their practices, but only a small number of social workers are well prepared to treat this group of clients.     

Correlation of Noncancer Benchmark Doses in Short‐ and Long‐Term Rodent Bioassays

This study investigated whether, in the absence of chronic noncancer toxicity data, short‐term noncancer toxicity data can be used to predict chronic toxicity effect levels by focusing on the dose–response relationship instead of a critical effect. Data from National Toxicology Program (NTP) technical reports have been extracted and modeled using the Environmental Protection Agency's Benchmark Dose Software. Best‐fit, minimum benchmark dose (BMD), and benchmark dose lower limits (BMDLs) have been modeled for all NTP pathologist identified significant nonneoplastic lesions, final mean body weight, and mean organ weight of 41 chemicals tested by NTP between 2000 and 2012. Models were then developed at the chemical level using orthogonal regression techniques to predict chronic (two years) noncancer health effect levels using the results of the short‐term (three months) toxicity data. The findings indicate that short‐term animal studies may reasonably provide a quantitative estimate of a chronic BMD or BMDL. This can allow for faster development of human health toxicity values for risk assessment for chemicals that lack chronic toxicity data.     

产业发展与环境结构扭曲的新结构环境经济学解释

党的二十大报告中提出要加快发展方式绿色转型,绿色转型立足于产业发展现状和资源环境承载能力,因此解释和处理产业经济发展与环境体系之间的关系至关重要。遵循新结构经济学理论底层逻辑,基于新结构环境经济学视角,围绕产业发展方式偏离比较优势原则所造成的环境结构扭曲现象,构建了理论分析框架,提出绿色技术选择指数概念以识别环境要素禀赋比较优势偏离程度,剖析产业污染与自生能力的内生和传导机制并提出相关假设,采用2007—2021年长江经济带化工产业省级面板数据进行实证检验。研究结果表明:要素禀赋结构比较优势偏离将导致产业自生能力缺失和污染加剧,引发环境结构扭曲;环境要素相较于生产要素,比较优势偏离造成的扭曲程度更严重;新结构环境经济学将环境纳入生产要素投入,重新定义区域要素禀赋结构,更加适配现阶段社会经济发展的理论指导需求;长江经济带化工产业发展存在一定程度的结构性扭曲,在环境规制和产业存续的压力下进退两难。为了实现产业可持续发展,发展方式绿色转型路径的构建需从环境要素禀赋出发,政企携手通过政策手段和市场机制内生最优结构,形成良性循环。     

化工园区危险化学品事故多米诺效应的网络演化模型

从化工园区内工厂布局角度来看,化工园区属于典型的有向加权网络。构建了化工园区危险品事故的有向加权网络模型,评估化工园区发生爆炸事故时,引发多米诺效应的风险。根据化工园区的网络结构特征,设计了寻找有向加权网络中心节点的算法,评估网络节点即化工园区中仓储库区单元的安全强度。找出多米诺中心后,对其进行严防死守甚至移除,可以有效阻断化工园区危险品事故发生多米诺效应的路径。建立的化工园区危险化学品事故的有向加权网络演化模型为规避化工园区爆炸事故引发多米诺效应严重后果提供了理论依据。