能源盐化工基地建设对榆林城市规划与发展的影响作用分析

榆林能源资源的开发建设，对榆林城市的快速发展起到了重要的作用。通过对榆林产业结构、城镇功能、人口及城镇化、生态安全等问题的调查研究，指出能源盐化工基地建设对榆林的经济、社会产生的深刻影响及其促使城市规划调整的原因。进而确立榆林城市功能以及提出在能源盐化工基地建设中榆林城市规划与发展所产生的问题及对策建议，以促使榆林城市及能源盐化工基地二者协同发展。     

重化工业与产业组织重型化:历史经验和机理性分析

重化工业化不仅表现在产业结构中重化工业在整个国民经济中所占的比重较大,而且还表现在重化工业的企业组织结构中大型企业占主体,即产业组织的重型化上。重化工业在技术创新、规模经济和范围经济、资本积聚过程等几个方面都会对产业组织产生影响,同时也受产业组织的制约。     

金属表面配位化学反应与成膜机理

用FT—IR,F—IR,FT—Raman,XPS和AES研究镍表面Mo—S簇合物膜,结果表明,膜层中存在Mo—S—Ni、Mo—S—Mo和端基Mo—S键,膜是由MoS_2与Mo—S—Ni簇合物组成的多分子层,可描述为双层结构。阐述了表面配位化学反应中的成膜机理和影响配合物膜形成的因素。     

Quantitative analyses of misclassification rates in the hazard classification of environmental chemicals: Evaluation of procedures for deriving predicted no-effect concentrations in the Chemical Substance Control Law in Japan

The quality of chemical management depends more or less on practical procedures used to assess chemicals. This study quantitatively assessed the efficacy of a derivation procedure for calculating no-effect concentrations for screening assessment of environmental hazards under the Chemical Substance Control Law in Japan. We first evaluated the derivation procedure by applying a series of test ecotoxicity datasets to the procedure and calculating the resulting misclassification rates of the hazardous class of chemicals. In this study, a chemical was deemed to have been misclassified if its classification differed from its classification based on the full dataset (chronic toxicity data for three trophic levels), which was defined as the correct assignment. We also calculated the effects of additional uncertainty factors to decrease the variance (i.e., to improve the consistency) of the misclassification rates among cases with different data availability in the derivation procedure. The results showed that the derivation procedure resulted in very high rates of misclassification when only particular sets of ecotoxicity data were available (e.g., only chronic toxicity data of algae were available). Our analyses also showed that the use of additional uncertainty factors improved the consistency of the misclassification rates within the derivation procedure. Our study presents a broadly applicable calculation framework for quantifying error rates in assessment procedures and serves as a case study for future development and reforms of chemical assessment processes and policies, while additional analyses using more extensive ecotoxicity data with various modes of actions are needed in the future.