Why People Believe They Were Exposed to Biological or Chemical Warfare: A Survey of Gulf War Veterans

The study sought to understand better how people come to believe they have been exposed to biological and chemical warfare. We conducted telephone interviews with 1,009 American veterans (65% response rate) deployed and not deployed to the Gulf War, a conflict during which there were credible threats that such warfare could be used. Only 6% of non-Gulf War veterans reported exposure to biological or chemical warfare, but most of Gulf War veterans reported exposure (64%). The majority of these were unsure whether the exposure was chemical or biological in nature. The most commonly reported exposure indicators were receiving an alert from the military and having physical symptoms. Veterans who were certain of the type of exposure (biological or chemical) were more likely to recall having been told by the military and to recall physical symptoms. Future communications with soldiers and the general public about biological and chemical warfare may need to emphasize the uncertain nature of such risk information. Evaluations of exposure diagnostic technologies should take into account the problem of people initially believing, but not later discounting, false positive results.     

手式元素周期表的构成及其应用

将元素周期性变化规律与手指结构特点相结合构造成手式元素周期表,为更好地掌握元素周期性变化规律,更直观地反映元素在周期表中的位置提供了一种快捷有效的方法。     

氮氧基配体的双核络合物研究概述

本文着重介绍了含氮氧基配体的双核络合物研究的两个主要方面一生物模拟合成和核间磁偶合作用的研究进展.以期为此类络合物的研究提供有用的信息.     

吸附制冷系统中吸附床的传热传质分析及结构设计

对化学吸附制冷系统中吸附剂颗粒之间以及整个吸附床的传热传质特性进行了分析，并总结了目前国内外强化吸附床传热传质性能的主要措施和方法．分析比较了两种用于化学吸附制冷的典型吸附床结构，在此基础上设计了一种新型的吸附床．     

化学工程与工艺核心课程群建设的探索与实践

选择<传递过程原理>、<化工热力学>、<分离工程>、<反应工程>、<化学工艺学>以及<化工专业实验>六门课程构建了化学工程与工艺核心课程群.从核心课程群整体考虑,开展了教学内容改革与课程整合.对核心课程群的教学方法也进行了初步探索与实践.     

构树纤维理化性能初探

构树是生长于我国东北和西北山区的一种野生麻类植物，其韧皮部含有大量优质纤维。为了充分利用这一资源，本文对构材纤维的物理和化学性能进行了一系列研究。结果表明构树纤维的品质优良，具有较大的开发和利用价值。     

Exposure of Contractors to Chemical Pollutants During the Maintenance Shut-Down of a Chemical Plant

The exposure of employees of different contracting firms to chemical pollutants was assessed during the five-week biennial maintenance shut-down of an isocyanate (TDI) synthesis plant. This assessment was mainly based on personal sampling, but work-related constraints occasionally required that area samples be used instead. Many tasks were carried out during the shut-down procedure (dismantling of reactors, installation of insulation, refection of kilns, cleaning, painting, electricity, etc.), thereby causing the employees of the contracting firms to be exposed to different kinds of pollutants, including products used or manufactured in the process (solvents, TDI and its synthesis intermediates), and products specific to the contractors' activity (welding fumes, crystalline silica, mineral fibers of heat insulation). The highest level of exposure (mainly to TDI) was found for the mechanical engineering activities undertaken during the dismantling of reactors and for cleaning activities. It was demonstrated that there was much variability in day-to-day exposure levels, and occasionally in the exposure levels encountered during a given shift. Cases of concomitant exposure to TDI (mainly short-term exposures) and other pollutants due to simultaneous activities from different tasks in the same area (co-activity) were also observed. Both the need for, and limitations of personal protective equipment (mainly respiratory) are stressed. Special emphasis is put on the responsibility of the owner of the facilities in helping the contractors in the organization of a health and safety policy.     

《化工原理》教学实践环节的改革

对《化工原理》教学中的实践环节——实验及课程设计存在的问题进行了分析 ,从改变教学观念、完善教学方法、采用多媒体教学课件等方面 ,提出了《化工原理》教学实践改革方案 ,经过多届本科生的教改实践 ,收到了良好效果     

化学实验教学中培养创新能力探讨

传统的实验教学不能很好地培养学生的创新精神和实践能力,本文主要论述如何通过加强实验教学和实验创新 来开发学生的潜能,培养学生的创新能力。并对如何将学生创新能力的培养贯穿于整个实验教学之中作了一些探讨。     

柿叶的材料特性表征

本文应用化学分析方法、拉曼光谱及差示扫描量热仪 ( DSC) ,从材料的角度对柿叶进行了表征 .化学分析结果显示柿叶中纤维素含量约 68.2 8%、半纤维素约7.5 4%、木质素约 1 1 .70 % ,其余的是一些灰分及金属物质约 1 2 .48% .而这些特征也被拉曼光谱所证实 .DSC的结果说明柿叶的玻璃化温度约为 1 82 .92℃左右 ,高于纤维素和半纤维素 .这些结果将有利于开发以柿叶为资源的纤维类产品