《化工容器设计》教学改革与探索简

《化工容器设计》是过程装备与控制工程专业的核心课程之一,其教学目的是培养学生具有进行化工容器工程设计的初步能力。研究提出了精选基本内容、扩充设计方法,增设反映现代科学技术成果、最新科学研究成果的教学设计项目等教学内容改革;用现代科学技术和手段改造传统授课理念、增加应用计算机教学以及激发培养学生创新思维等教学方式改革。运用改革的教学内容和教学方式,教学效果得到了明显的提高。     

"重化工业阶段"是否不可逾越?

先行和新兴工业化国家20世纪的发展经验与20世纪中后期经济学理论的演进都表明,在各国工业化进程中,国民经济结构并不存在所谓"重化工业阶段",因此更谈不上该阶段的逾越问题.同时,具体国情也决定中国不可能通过依靠资本积累和资源投入的粗放增长模式来实现工业化.中国一些地方政府之所以通过配置资源来扶持重化工业的发展,主要是由于在现行资源定价机制、财税体制和政绩考核指标的基础上,地方政府和重化工企业在利益上存在一致性.因此,在新的发展阶段,中国需要着力解决增长模式问题,通过进一步深化行政体制改革、完善社会主义市场经济,走"新型工业化道路",确保工业化顺利实现.     

Decisions,Science, and Values: Crafting Regulatory Alternatives Analysis

Emerging “prevention‐based” approaches to chemical regulation seek to minimize the use of toxic chemicals by mandating or directly incentivizing the adoption of viable safer alternative chemicals or processes. California and Maine are beginning to implement such programs, requiring manufacturers of consumer products containing certain chemicals of concern to identify and evaluate potential safer alternatives. In the European Union, the REACH program imposes similar obligations on manufacturers of certain substances of very high concern. Effective prevention‐based regulation requires regulatory alternatives analysis (RAA), a methodology for comparing and evaluating the regulated chemical or process and its alternatives across a range of relevant criteria. RAA has both public and private dimensions. To a significant degree, alternatives analysis is an aspect of product design; that is, the process by which private industry designs the goods it sells. Accordingly, an RAA method should reflect the attributes of well‐crafted product design tools used by businesses. But RAA adds health and environmental objectives to the mix of concerns taken into account by the product designer. Moreover, as part of a prevention‐based regulatory regime, it implicates important public values such as legitimacy, equity, public engagement, and accountability. Thus, an RAA should reflect both private standards and public values, and be evaluated against them. This article adopts that perspective, identifying an integrated set of design principles for RAA, and illustrating the application of those principles.     

Assessing Major Accident Risks to Support Land‐Use Planning Using a Severity‐Vulnerability Combination Method: A Case Study in Dagushan Peninsula,China

Major accident risks posed by chemical hazards have raised major social concerns in today's China. Land‐use planning has been adopted by many countries as one of the essential elements for accident prevention. This article aims at proposing a method to assess major accident risks to support land‐use planning in the vicinity of chemical installations. This method is based on the definition of risk by the Accidental Risk Assessment Methodology for IndustrieS (ARAMIS) project and it is an expansion application of severity and vulnerability assessment tools. The severity and vulnerability indexes from the ARAMIS methodology are employed to assess both the severity and vulnerability levels, respectively. A risk matrix is devised to support risk ranking and compatibility checking. The method consists of four main steps and is presented in geographical information‐system‐based maps. As an illustration, the proposed method is applied in Dagushan Peninsula, China. The case study indicated that the method could not only aid risk regulations on existing land‐use planning, but also support future land‐use planning by offering alternatives or influencing the plans at the development stage, and thus further enhance the roles and influence of land‐use planning in the accident prevention activities in China.     

实验《相对分子质量的测定(凝固点降低法)》的探讨

在用凝固点降低法测定物质相对分子质量的实验中引入磁力搅拌器,使操作易于控制,同时减少系统误差     

论化学热力学和化学动力学的矛盾及其统一

以平衡常数的理论计算,化学反应与温度的关系,以胶体的稳定性为例,分析了化学热力学和化学动力学之间的一些矛盾和产生矛盾的原因,揭示了化学热力学和化学动力学对立统一的关系。     

Best Practices in the Treatment of Substance-Abusing Women in the Child Welfare System

ABSTRACT

This paper reviews the literature on women's chemical dependency and its effects on their children. Many risk factors (e.g., a history of traumatic exposure) and consequences (interference with parenting) of substance abuse are unique for women, giving rise to special treatment needs of substance-abusing women with children. Substance-abusing mothers also experience unique barriers to receiving the services they need to recover, such as absence of child care and lack of gender-specific treatment in their communities. Model programs are described and recommendations are offered for best treatment practices for women with chemical dependency who present in the child welfare system.     

江苏沿海开发园区建设对沿海渔业的影响及对策

阐述了江苏沿海海洋渔业发展状况,分析了存在的问题,认为沿海开发园区基础设施建设、港口开发、环境污染等因素对海洋渔业生态环境造成了破坏。为促进江苏海洋渔业持续发展,提出了进一步研究防止海洋渔业生态环境破坏的相应对策措施。     

The frequency of Mislabelled chemicals from commercial suppliers

This essay provides an analysis of conflicts of interest (COIs) that arise in university relationships with private industry and articulates the concept of an "institutional" COI. It compares personal and institutional COIs in order to shed some light on the difficulties universities face in managing their own COIs. The essay discusses some proposed strategies for responding to institutional COIs, such as developing independent boards to monitor and oversee the university's COIs, building firewalls between various parts of the university to prevent financial interests from affecting university functions, creating independent research institutes, and prohibiting some types of university investments.     

美国337调查与中国化工企业应对策略

337调查是美国国际贸易委员会根据美国（1930年关税法》第337节的规定,针对侵犯美国知识产权的进口行为进行调查并采取制裁措施的做法。频繁的337调查给中国相关企业造成了重大损失,成为继反倾销调查后制约中国产品出口的主要因素。本文对我国化工行业遭受337调查的情况进行了重点分析．并提出了相应的对策。