Fifteen Years of Family Group Conferencing: Coordinators Talk About Their Experiences in Aotearoa New Zealand

Family Group Conferencing (FGC) as a solution-focused strategyin child welfare has now been a mandated practice in AotearoaNew Zealand since 1989. This qualitative study examines theexperiences of Care and Protection Coordinators who have beenconvening FGC since the early years of the legislation. Thestudy explores early perceptions of the legislation, what firstattracted them to the role and what keeps them in the job. Inparticular, the study explores the practice tensions that restwithin family-centred child protection models, and the waysin which FGC practice has developed in response to modern imperatives.     

网络行为:一个网络社会学概念的简要分析

在当今的信息网络时代,互联网络为人们的行为活动构建出了一个新的“场域”。网络行为就是人们依托于这一新的“场域”所作出的一种全新形态的现实行为活动。本文结合互联网络发展和“新场域”建构的现实背景,对网络行为这一网络社会学的基本概念,从其内涵、类型、特征和社会本质等方面,展开了一定的探讨。     

论我国民法通则中民事行为制度的完善——兼论民法典民事行为制度的构建

我国<民法通则>将民事法律行为界定为合法行为是理论上的一个失误,它导致了民法学理论的冲突和认识的混乱,同时通则对无效民事行为的范围规定过于宽泛,有失妥当,应予修正.民法典应当在总则中设立法律行为制度.     

儿童攻击性行为研究

攻击性行为是儿童身上一种经常发生的不良行为,本文从儿童攻击性行为的特点出发,探讨国内外关于攻击性行为发生的理论假设,并对攻击性行为与家庭、学校、同伴群体之间的关系进行了简要论述,在此基础上提出了儿童攻击性行为的矫正方法和措施.     

Child‐Care Usage and Mother‐Infant “Quality Time”

Mothers' time‐use patterns were compared in families in which infants spent more than 30 hours per week in child care (In‐Care group; n= 143) versus 0 hours per week (At‐Home group; n= 183) from birth to 6 months of age. In‐Care group mothers spent about 12 fewer hours per week interacting with their infants, for about 32% less time; fathers of these infants were more involved in caregiving. The groups did not differ in the quality of mother‐infant interaction. In the In‐Care group, quantity of interaction was related to greater separation anxiety and concerns about effects of maternal employment. Time‐use data were not related to child outcomes at 15 months of age. Results suggest that the effect of extensive time spent apart on the quantity and quality of mother‐infant interaction may be smaller than anticipated.     

African American Children's Adjustment: The Roles of Maternal and Teacher Depressive Symptoms

This study examined the unique and interactive roles of mother and teacher depressive symptoms in child adjustment in 277 African American single mother‐headed families, as well as whether the associations differed depending on the age and gender of the child. Findings revealed a significant association between maternal depressive symptoms and child depressive symptoms in girls, but not boys. Moreover, the combination of higher levels of both mother and teacher depressive symptoms was associated with the highest level of child depressive symptoms and, for younger children, externalizing symptoms. The importance of considering the multiple social contexts in which children interact is discussed.     

The influence of risk and protective factors on burnout experienced by those who work with maltreated children

The aim of the study was to explore the degree (and type) of burnout and trauma symptoms, personal histories and coping strategies retrospectively reported by those who work with maltreated children and their families. A self‐selected sample of workers (N = 44) completed a self‐report questionnaire assessing childhood maltreatment, family background characteristics, current adjustment, coping strategies and burnout. Workers reported high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and a low to moderate sense of personal accomplishment. Family background characteristics predicted the occurrence of maltreatment and current adjustment, and a personal history of maltreatment predicted current trauma symptoms, but not burnout. Workers most frequently used problem‐focused coping strategies and sought social support; however, coping strategies were not associated with the level of either trauma symptoms or burnout. Despite employing positive coping strategies, their efficacy may be affected by other interpersonal, intra‐individual and job resource issues. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“He Survives Everything”: A Latency-Aged Child with Play Disruption in the Face of Trauma and Early Object Loss

It is hypothesized that trauma and early object loss result in the arrest of the normal and healthy progression of a child's development and also disrupts a child's capacity to engage in symbolic play. In therapy, over time, with a constant object, a latency-aged child was able to re-enact early trauma and loss, make substantial gains in development, and begin to play in a symbolic and expressive way.     

Breaking the intergenerational transmission of child abuse: Beyond the mother-child relationship

Studies comparing abusive and non-abusive parents who were abused as children are reviewed to determine protective factors that may lead to a break in the transmission pattern. Non-abusers have several factors in common. For instance: they have extensive emotional and social support from significant others. they are aware of what happened to them as children and are openly angry about their abuse. and many of them received (psycho)therapy as adolescents or young adults. Discovering protective factors by which some parents overcome a family pattern of abuse is valuable in guiding both prevention and intervention efforts. A brief discussion of the influence of methodological variations of different studies on reported transmission rates precedes the review. Furthermore. attention is given to the underrepresentation of (abusive) fathers in theory as well as in research on child abuse. The effects of undervaluation of gender differences are discussed in terms of their importance in the occurrence and (breaks in the) transmission of child abuse.     

重新评价马克·吐温的代表作——《汤姆·索耶历险记》和《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》(英文)

马克·吐温,这位在美国文学史上开一代创作先河的小说家,为后人留下了20多篇不朽佳作.其中,令人惊讶的是:在他全部作品中,两部描写少年历险故事的著作——《汤姆·索耶历险记》和《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》,始终处于最突出的位置,并一直被中外学者公推为其代表作.于是我们不得不深思这样一个问题,作为美国文坛杰出代表人物之一的马克·吐温为什么选择了儿童的角色,而又把他们塑造很空前成功?纵观文学界对马克·吐温作品及其人物形象的有关研究成果和论述,似乎都不能够圆满地答复这个问题.