Efficacy of Risk-Based, Culturally Sensitive Ogaa (Walleye) Consumption Advice for Anishinaabe Tribal Members in the Great Lakes Region

The Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission (GLIFWC) has produced Ogaa (walleye— Sander vitreus ) consumption advisories since 1996 for Anishinaabe from GLIFWC member tribes in the 1837 and 1842 ceded territories of Wisconsin. GLIFWC's advisory maps were revised in 2005 to address cultural sensitivities (to protect tribal lifeways), to utilize recent mercury exposure information, and to incorporate changes in advisory levels for methyl mercury. Lake-specific, risk-based, culturally sensitive consumption advice was provided on color-coded maps for two groups: children under age 15 years and females of childbearing age, and males 15 years and older and females beyond childbearing age. The maps were distributed to, and a behavioral intervention program developed for, the six GLIFWC member tribes in Wisconsin as well as member tribes in Minnesota and the 1842 ceded territory of Michigan. Tribal fish harvesters, tribal health care providers, women of childbearing age or with young children, tribal leaders, elders, and children were targeted specifically for the behavioral intervention. The efficacy of the behavioral intervention was assessed using surveys of 275 tribal fish harvesters from Wisconsin, 139 tribal harvesters from Michigan and Minnesota, and 156 Wisconsin women of childbearing age. Significant increases in the percentage of survey participants who indicated awareness of advisory maps occurred among Wisconsin harvesters (increase from 60% to 77%), Michigan and Minnesota harvesters (29% to 51%), and women of childbearing age in Wisconsin (40% to 87%). A significant increase in preference for smaller Ogaa occurred among tribal harvesters in Wisconsin (41% to 72%) and tribal harvesters in Michigan and Minnesota (49% to 71%), although not among women of childbearing age. The GLIFWC map-based advisory program did not adversely affect tribal harvest of Ogaa, which increased from 63,000 to 88,000 fish in the three states after the intervention.     

Risk Assessment for Hospital-Acquired Diseases: A Risk-Theory Approach

We introduce a new approach to hospital-acquired disease risk assessment from public health databases. In a spirit similar to actuarial risk theory, we define an adjustment coefficient that can quantify the risk associated with a hospital department, allowing comparisons of similar departments. The adjustment coefficient characterizes the tail of the distribution of the total patient length of stay in a department before the first disease event occurs. We show that this coefficient is the solution of a Lundberg-like equation, and we provide a nonparametric estimation procedure for this measure, based on a Cramér-Lundberg approximation for the tail of the distribution. Using simulations, we provide evidence of the robustness of the approximation to various individual risk models. In addition, we illustrate the relevance of this approach by evaluating the risk associated with a standard patient safety indicator in 20 hospitals of southeastern France.     

随迁子女的心理健康研究述评

阐述随迁子女的概念,随迁子女心理健康的现状及存在的问题,探讨随迁子女心理健康状况的个体差异,指出已有研究的局限与不足,并对未来随迁子女心理健康研究进行展望。     

累积生态资源在积极心理健康教育中的作用——对青少年意向性自我调节培养机制的实证研究

通过对1 154名初一至高三学生的调查,探索累积生态资源、青少年自我效能感与意向性自我调节三者之间的关系。具体来说,青少年拥有的生态资源数量正向预测意向性自我调节水平,而青少年的自我效能感中介作用于生态资源数量与意向性自我调节的关系。这表明,累积生态资源既可直接对青少年意向性自我调节产生积极影响,又可通过自我效能感对意向性自我调节产生间接作用。因此,在推进积极心理健康教育的进程中,需要凸显青少年在自身发展中的自主性以及多重生态资源的联合作用。     

我国农村医疗卫生的政府供给效率——基于随机生产边界模型的分析

利用随机生产边界模型的方法对2000-2009年我国31个省市的农村医疗卫生政府效率进行估算,结果发现,从全国情形看,随着我国各级政府对农村医疗卫生投入的增加,我国农村医疗卫生的整体供给效率也在逐年提高;从分地区情形看,东部地区农村医疗卫生的供给效率基本保持不变,而中西部地区的供给效率则随着投入的增加而递增;从分省份情形看,各省份农村医疗卫生的供给效率差别很大,东部和中部地区明显高于西部地区。究其原因,政府农村医疗卫生投入、经济发展水平和人力资本水平等因素会对我国农村医疗卫生的供给效率及其地区差异产生较为显著的影响。     

“单独二孩”政策的利与弊

"单独二孩"政策有利有弊,其直接意义在于缓解"一个孩子"政策所带来的问题。该政策的积极效果表现在:可以适当提高生育水平;适当缓解中国人口年龄结构的老化;群众有更多自主选择生育的权利;家庭结构得到平衡发展;缓解出生人口漏报;缓解出生性别比过度偏高;缓解人口素质逆淘汰;推动计划生育工作综合改革。然而,由于政策的调整在一定程度上仍然属于"硬着陆",必然会带来一些问题,主要包括:近几年会出现符合单独二孩政策夫妇的集中生育;很多高危人群生育会导致孕产妇死亡率上升和出生缺陷发生率的上升;政策调整本身就带来了生育的不公平或机会的不平等。建议:用奖励的方式鼓励年轻妇女晚生育第二个孩子;设立高危妊娠咨询和指导中心;政府为无机会和能力再生育的家庭承担更多责任。     

从“单独二孩”政策看性别评估机制在公共政策中的缺席与问题

“单独二孩”政策的出台是我国计划生育基本国策调整变化的一个重要转折点,被寄予“稳定适度低生育水平,促进人口长期均衡发展,保持合理的劳动力数量和结构,促进经济持续健康发展”的厚望。但是,育龄女性作为该项新政关联度最高的目标群体,在“单独二孩”政策制定和合法化过程中几乎处于失声状态,政策前评估基本忽略了这部分人群的立场和利益。当下社会现状和性别关系模式下,“单独二孩”政策可能对女性造成加大潜在的生育保障压力、加重养育照料负担、加剧就业困境等负面影响。“单独二孩”政策引发我们思考性别评估机制在公共政策中的缺席和问题。     

公共卫生全球治理的法理基础与争端解决

为有效地指导和推进公共卫生全球治理,需要确立必要的国际法原则和法理基础,"保护的责任"将成为一种可能的法理指导和方法。为此,国际社会应当在公共卫生全球治理领域形成"保护的责任"的特有内涵。对于公共卫生全球治理中的各种争端,可根据不同的争端情形适用"保护的责任"予以应对处理。     

习近平关于人民健康重要论述的思想内涵与实践价值研究

人民健康是人民福祉之本、强国建设之基。习近平关于人民健康重要论述基于“健康中国”战略和全面建成小康社会的 时代背景下，针对突发公共卫生事件应急管理能力滞后以及传染病等问题，系统阐述了习近平把人民群众生命安全和身体健 康放在第一位；以人民为中心，以健康为根本的思想；大卫生、大健康新理念；人民健康是最大的生产力；人民健康是全面的健 康以及习近平关于新冠肺炎防控的思想内涵。通过研究习近平关于人民健康重要论述的实践价值，有利于推进国家治理体系 和治理能力现代化，更好地应对国内出现的重大疫情，实现“健康中国2030”战略，维护国家安宁与国际稳定，更好地体现中国 防疫经验的世界意义。     

论三人篮球对高校体育教育的促进

本文主要论述了三人篮球以其运动方式较为随意、运动技能低、运动场地较小、运动人群广、休闲争娱乐性强、民族特色浓厚、规则简单等特点,在高等院校中易于开展,促进学校体育向大众体育过渡,使学生在运动中感到愉悦,健康价值得到充分的体现。