Adolescents in residential treatment: The prevalence of ACEs,substance use and justice involvement

Abstract

Although associations between developmental trauma, juvenile justice involvement and youth substance use have been previously reported in the published literature, the interconnection among these three factors has not been adequately studied. This article describes the interconnection among these three factors and calls for greater attention to the role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in the diagnosis and treatment of youth who present with histories of substance use and/or offending behavior. Pilot data are presented that show high rates of self-reported trauma exposure, substance use history, justice involvement, and mental health problems in a sample of adolescents in residential treatment. The data point to the need for residential treatment centers to consider trauma histories in developing treatment plans for youth with current and prior substance use and offending behavior.     

Trends in college students’ mental health diagnoses and utilization of services, 2009–2015

Abstract

Objective: To examine changes in diagnoses/treatment for 12 mental health (MH) conditions, previous use of campus MH services, and willingness to seek MH services in the future. Participants: ACHA–NCHA II participants from 2009 to 2015 (n?=?454,029). Methods: Hierarchical binary logistic regression with step 1 controlling for demographics and step 2 considering time. Results: Time was significant except for bipolar disorder, bulimia, and schizophrenia with increases for all conditions except substance abuse. Anxiety (OR?=?1.68), panic attacks (OR?=?1.61), and ADHD (OR?=?1.40) had the highest odd ratios. Use of MH services at current institution (OR?=?1.30) and willingness to utilize services in the future (OR?=?1.37) also increased over time. Conclusions: Based on a national sample, self-reported diagnoses/treatment of several MH conditions are increasing among college students. This examination of a variety of MH issues can aid college health professionals to engage institutional stakeholders regarding the resources needed to support college students’ MH.     

规模化生猪养殖污染防治的现状与政策启示——基于养殖户调查数据的实证分析

基于规模化生猪养殖户的问卷调查数据,归纳和界定规模化生猪养殖污染防治行为的内涵,并进一步通过单因素方差分析和交叉分析研究规模化生猪养殖污染防治行为的群体差异。研究发现:规模化生猪养殖的污染防治行为具有多维性且总体实施情况一般;其无害化处理行为的群体差异显著,资源化利用行为的群体差异部分显著。据此,应进一步强化源头治理以提高污染防治的执行能力、加强过程监控以提高污染防治的规范水平、重视末端利用以推进污染防治的综合利用,从而有效改善规模化生猪养殖污染防治政策的实施效果。     

老年流动人口的就医行为及影响因素研究

近年来,我国老年流动人口的规模持续上升。文章使用2015年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据,从门诊治疗和住院治疗两个方面出发,使用Logit模型和Heckman两步法检验分析老年流动人口的就医行为及其影响因素。结果显示,在患小病时,70岁及以上、以家庭其他成员收入为主要收入来源、家庭人均月收入水平较高、患有高血压或糖尿病的流动老年人选择门诊就医的可能性更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在患需要住院治疗的疾病时,以离退休金/养老金为主要收入来源、自评身体健康的老年流动人口更有可能选择住院治疗。参加医疗保险的类型也对老年流动人口的就医行为存在着显著的影响。此外,外出务工、依靠子女和退休养老三类老年流动人口在门诊就医行为及其影响因素方面也存在显著差异。     

Linking Decision Theory and Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment: Tradeoffs Between Compliance and Efficacy for Waterborne Disease Interventions

Achieving health gains from the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals of universal coverage for water and sanitation will require interventions that can be widely adopted and maintained. Effectiveness—how an intervention performs based on actual use—as opposed to efficacy will therefore be central to evaluations of new and existing interventions. Incomplete compliance—when people do not always use the intervention and are therefore exposed to contamination—is thought to be responsible for the lower‐than‐expected risk reductions observed from water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions based on their efficacy at removing pathogens. We explicitly incorporated decision theory into a quantitative microbial risk assessment model. Specifically, we assume that the usability of household water treatment (HWT) devices (filters and chlorine) decreases as they become more efficacious due to issues such as taste or flow rates. Simulations were run to examine the tradeoff between device efficacy and usability. For most situations, HWT interventions that trade lower efficacy (i.e., remove less pathogens) for higher compliance (i.e., better usability) contribute substantial reductions in diarrheal disease risk compared to devices meeting current World Health Organization efficacy guidelines. Recommendations that take into account both the behavioral and microbiological properties of treatment devices are likely to be more effective at reducing the burden of diarrheal disease than current standards that only consider efficacy.     

江苏省农村高血压防治知识知晓及治疗依从性分析

目的：分析江苏省农村地区高血压患者防治知识知晓和依从性情况及其影响因素,为探索农村高血压县乡村协作管理策略提供依据。方法：采用率等描述性分析防治知识知晓和治疗依从性,通过χ2检验和Logistic回归等推断性分析影响因素。结果：高血压防治知识知晓率为75.6%（苏南64.8%,苏中74.6%和苏北84.0%）,婚姻状况、文化程度和地区是影响因素;88.2%患者的服药依从性较好（苏南92.9%,苏中92.6%和苏北79.0%）,地区和防治知识知晓情况是影响因素。结论：不同地区需结合自身特点,组建县乡村高血压纵向协作团队,提高患者防治知识知晓和治疗依从性。     

公平公正待遇视域下主权债务重组的国际责任

债务国发动的主权债务重组程序可能会引发其对国际投资协定中公平公正待遇条款所规定的条约义务的违反。依照各案仲裁庭宽松判断的标准,除了单纯主权债务违约外,当东道国发动主权债务重组程序时,几乎都可能因违反公平公正待遇而产生国际法责任。公平公正待遇允许仲裁庭在投资者与东道国的利益之间进行全面的司法平衡,债务国存在违反公平公正待遇的可能,但同时也存在免除责任的空间。阿巴克莱特等诉阿根廷案的债券持有人主张阿根廷的债务重组行为违反了意大利——阿根廷双边投资协定项下公平公正待遇条款,构成征收。仲裁庭对此案的裁决将首开主权债务重组之国际法责任认定的先河。     

贫困地区医疗资源配置与老年人健康

贫困地区农村老年人健康是合理优化农村医疗资源配置的重点。通过联立方程检验卫生可及性对农村老年人就医行为的影响,以及就医行为与健康之间的相互影响关系,研究发现：卫生可及性无论对老年人村镇医疗机构还是县市级医疗机构的选择均有显著影响,选择到村镇医疗机构就医的老年人有较好的健康自评状况,同时健康自评越高的老年人到村镇医疗机构就医的概率越高;而选择到县市级医疗机构就医的老年人健康自评相对较差。同时,健康知识无论对老年人自身健康状况还是就医行为,都有显著的正向作用。     

对一例桩基事故的处理及分析

对一工程实例钻孔灌注桩基事故的概况进行介绍,对事故原因进行分析;列举了多种处理该事故的方案,并对此进行了优化方案的比较。对优化方案进行了设计,构造处理。提出进行施工时注意的问题。同时提出了几点建议。     

新型大孔弱酸树脂的合成及性能研究

介绍了新型大孔弱酸树脂的合成方法。用该方法合成的树脂具有生产成本低,物化性能优越等特点,能更好地满足水处理工艺的要求。