基于生产过程优化的网民政治信任建构机制研究

网民政治信任不是自发形成的,而是经由一系列过程而生产出来的.具体到生产过程,则包括政治信息输入过程、政治信任生成过程、政治信任输出过程三个部分.通过对这一生产过程进行分析,可以发现,网民政治信任流失的原因有三,即政治信息源出多门且质量低下;网民政治信任生产技术不高以致能力弱化,生产成果难达预期又进一步恶化了再生产环境;其他外部相关因素的不利影响增大了网民政治信任生产、生成的困难.解决好这些问题,应当建立健全网民政治信任信息供给主体准入及分类评价机制、政治信任生产水平提升机制,政治信任生产环境营造机制以及政治信任生产现实辅助支持机制.     

略论医疗事故罪

医疗事故罪,是1997年刑法新规定的一种犯罪。“严重损害就诊人身体健康?的标准,应包括二级医疗事故和三级医疗事故。本罪主体是特殊主体即医务人员。医疗事故的鉴定,是认定医疗事故罪的关键。应当克服目前由卫生行政管理部门一手包办独揽医疗鉴定的弊端,应以立法形式明确规定医疗事故鉴定由公安机关组建并主持,并实行回避制度,以求公正、公平。     

Low-intermediate dose testosterone replacement therapy by different pharmaceutical preparations improves frailty score in elderly hypogonadal hyperglycaemic patients

Abstract

An open-label follow-up study of low-to-intermediate dose testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) was conducted in 64 overweight patients (aged 65–75 years) with late onset hypogonadism (LOH) and increased fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Patients were subdivided into four treatment groups: oral testosterone (T) (T undecanoate, 80?mg/d), transmucosal T (60?mg/d), transdermal T (30?mg/d) or no treatment (control), and evaluated at 0 and 6 months. FPG, hemoglobin (Hb), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and total T were measured and the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index was calculated. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fitness level (6-min walking test), Aging Males’ Symptoms (AMS) scale, handgrip strength and energy expenditure with physical activity (Minnesota questionnaire for Leisure Time Physical Activity (LTPA)) were evaluated and a “frailty score” (based on: grip strength, gait speed and LTPA) was calculated. T levels increased in all treatment groups; the oral T group had values still in the hypogonadal range (5.9?±?1.1?nmol/L). PSA and Hb concentrations did not change in any group. BMI, waist circumference, FPG and HOMA-IR improved in all T-treated groups after 6 months, with a greater effect seen with transmucosal and transdermal T compared with oral T. This study indicates that low-to-intermediate dose TRT may be safely utilized in LOH patients to ameliorate somatic and psychological frailty symptoms in association with improved anthropometric and glycometabolic parameters in aging, overweight men with LOH and impaired fasting glucose.     

The Influence of Rural and Urban Substance Abuse Treatment Counselor Characteristics on Client Outcomes

ABSTRACT

Focus group data were collected from 28 substance abuse treatment counselors employed in rural and urban areas to examine their perceptions of factors influencing treatment outcomes. The influence of the counselor characteristics (i.e., education, experience, and recovery status) on client outcomes and geographic differences is explored. Focus group data were analyzed by three raters using line-by-line coding, focused coding, and memoing. This analytic approach revealed geographic differences in the counselors’ perceptions of the effect of counselor education, experience, and recovery status on client outcomes. Recommendations for treatment planning and future research are provided.     

“Don't Leave Me Hanging”: Homeless Mothers’ Perceptions of Service Providers

ABSTRACT

Few interventions have been developed for substance-abusing homeless mothers. Among those interventions, high dropout rates (up to 85%) are consistently reported. Understanding homeless mothers’ experiences with service providers may be an important first step to understanding ways to increase treatment engagement. Therefore, the current study used qualitative methods to gain a better understanding of homeless mothers’ perceptions of service providers. A total of 28 mothers who were currently residing at a homeless shelter in a Midwestern city participated in three focus groups. Overall, mothers held negative perceptions of service providers related to understanding, support, and fear. Based upon this study's findings, recommendations are offered to improve service delivery and guide future research.     

The Jam Session

This experiment describes a spontaneous jazz performance and shows that the jam session can be a useful tool for studying small groups. To determine why and how it works, the author brought together five jazz musicians and gave them three musical tasks. They also participated in a post-performance discussion and filled out a questionnaire to elicit their feelings about the workings of a jam session. The jam session may be a unique group because of the speed with which it coalesces and its use of nonverbal communication, but it also exhibits classic characteristics of small group sociology by conforming to several basic small-group models and principles.     

An Integrated Experiential Approach to Treating Young People Who Sexually Abuse

SUMMARY

This article promotes the use of an integrated (holistic) approach to treating juvenile sexual offenders. An integrated model takes into account the fact that: (a) youth are resilient, (b) youth progress through various stages of development, (c) these stages are often arrested as a result of trauma, child abuse and neglect, and attachment disorders, (d) humanistic approaches and the therapeutic relationship are essential to the healing and recovery process, (e) youth learn and work with a variety of learning styles and multiple intelligences, (f) many traditional assessment and treatment approaches can be modified and blended with an integrated approach, and (g) the use of experiential treatments can have a positive and profound impact in treating youth with sexual behavior problems.     

What All Social Workers Should Know About MDMA (Ecstasy)

ABSTRACT

This article describes the history of MDMA, its relationship to other drugs, its manufacture and how it is trafficked, and the physiological reactions and health consequences associated with its use. It also presents recommendations for drug abuse prevention and treatment. Material was drawn from government publications, professional journals, and private organization Web sites. Effective strategies for decreasing MDMA use and for minimizing deleterious effects on users exist.     

Advances in Sex Offender Treatment and Challenges for the Future

Abstract

This paper describes what the authors believe to be the major advances, the areas of debate, and the future direction of sexual offender treatment as we leave the 20th century and enter the new millennium. In the area of sex offender treatment, the modification of relapse prevention for use with sex offenders has had a profound effect on the way that therapy is done. Additionally, the development of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other pharmacotherapies has moved the field more toward a bio-psychosocial model of etiology and treatment, and focused more attention on comorbid psychiatric disorders in the treatment of sexual offenders. The late 1990s saw major advances in the development of actuarial prediction tools for recidivism, and a concerning move toward phallometric stimuli with unclear reliability and validity. Additionally, the development of the Abel Screen for Sexual Interest has provided a promising, but as yet unvalidated, alternative to phallometry. The 1990s were also a period of considerable growth in the application of sexual offender treatment to special populations, such as adolescents, the developmentally disabled, women and children. The major challenge for the future is to develop methodologically sound research on which to base our decisions about the treatments to apply, the unique needs of special populations, and the assessment of dangerousness.     

Use of baseline measurements in the two-period crossover design

It is proposed that baseline measurements be obtained prior to each period in a two-period crossover design. These measurements are used in a preliminary test for determining the validity of a test for treatment comparison and also for testing the hypothesis of equal treatment effects. The null hypothesis in this preliminary test consists of the following three hypotheses: that there is no difference in disease conditions prior to the two periods, no difference in residual effects of the drugs, and no treatment × period interaction.. A numerical example is given and the efficiencies of several methods are computed.