基于二阶差商波动最小的坏点挑选及曲线光顺算法

针对2维数据坏点挑选问题,以节点二阶中心差商的波动最小为基础,首先构造了表征节点Pi在提高样条曲线光顺度方面潜力大小的函数,然后给出了一种基于结点差商波动最小的坏点挑选算法。并将该算法利用一些实例与曲率极值法进行了对比分析,结果表明,该算法能有效标出坏点位置。另外,基于节点二阶中心差商波动最小的原则,还给出了一种通过将节点在允许范围内进行适当调整,以减小样条曲线二阶导函数波动的光顺处理算法。实例验证结果表明,此样条曲线光顺处理算法能够有效地控制三次样条曲线二阶导函数的波动,即能提高曲线的光顺程度。     

城市生活污水处理项目社会评价研究

从我国城市生活污水处理的现状出发,阐述了对城市生活污水处理项目进行社会评价的必要性,分析了城市生活污水处理项目社会评价的特点,提出城市生活污水处理项目社会评价的基本框架,指出社会评价应当做出项目在社会方面是否成立的基本判断,以对项目决策提供必要的参考。     

性别平等还是男女有别？——女性优惠待遇的合宪性探究

男女平等是宪法平等权利的体现,而现今我国立法对女性多赋予某些特殊权益,也即优惠待遇,典型的如《妇女权益保障法》。从学理而言,这里面蕴含着一种合宪性质疑的机遇。以最新修订的《妇女权益保障法》为例,在所尝试的一种宪法学新思维方法的观照下,该立法事例对女性的优惠性立法措施位于实质平等权的保障领域内,并具有符合"事物本质"的宪法正当依据,同时能够经得起合乎比例性的不同审查基准的检验,因此,是符合宪法精神的性别平等保护。     

Maternal Differential Treatment and Child Adjustment: A Multi-informant Approach

The study aimed to replicate previous links with children's adjustment as well as using children's reports of maternal differential treatment (MDT) to test whether difference scores or favouritism scores demonstrate stronger links with child outcome. Finally, it tested for a unique prediction of children's adjustment from distinct aspects and informants of MDT. The sample consisted of 173 working- and middle-class English families with two children aged four to eight years. Mothers provided reports of the mother–child relationship, and both mothers and fathers provided reports of the children's problematic behaviour. The children also provided reports of parent–child relationships and perceived favouritism via a puppet interview. Results confirmed moderate links between MDT and children's adjustment and showed that difference scores provided a better prediction of adjustment than did the favouritism scores. Finally, the results showed that mothers' reports of differential positive feelings were the most salient aspect of MDT for older siblings whereas mothers' reports of negative feelings and positive discipline were the most salient aspects of MDT for younger siblings.     

Examining fostering readiness in treatment parents

Preservice trainings have the potential to improve treatment parent and youth outcomes, yet researchers have noted the lack of empirical research on the effectiveness of these trainings. Preservice outcomes are typically collected immediately after training completion, with little to no follow‐up assessments at other time points. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal changes treatment parents experience throughout preservice training and after a youth is placed in their home. Secondary data analyses were performed on an archival data set (N = 57) that included demographic information and training participant scores from two standardized measurements that examined their fostering readiness before and after preservice trainings as well as after a youth was placed in the home: Personal Dedication to Fostering Scale and Willingness to Foster Scale. Analyses revealed significant changes for treatment parents' personal dedication to fostering, but no significant changes for their willingness to foster. Treatment parents' fostering readiness scores were compared to a normed sample of foster parents and were found to be significantly higher for their personal dedication scores but not for their willingness to foster. The findings suggest certain treatment parent outcomes may change as a result of preservice training and experience with youth, but additional measurements and outcomes should be examined.     

水溶液中苯酚在阳光下催化氧化降解的初步研究

介绍了一种以加碳焙烧法改性的膨润土作载体,用溶胶O凝胶法制备的新型TiO2OAg 复合催化剂。研究了该催化剂在阳光下对水样中苯酚的催化氧化降解条件、影响因素和降解率。结果表明,该催化剂有较高的催化氧化活性,在通入空气的条件下,对pH = 4. 0 ,浓度为5 mg/ L 的苯酚水样处理3 h ,其苯酚去除率可达98 %左右。该催化剂性能稳定,易于沉降分离,回收后经高温活化,可反复多次使用,为高效、经济地利用日光催化氧化含酚废水的进一步研究提供了实验依据。     

Optimal designs for asymmetrical factorial paired comparison experiments

Three forms of a general null hypothesis Ho on the factorial parameters of a general asymmetrical factorial paired comparison experiment are considered. A class of partially balanced designscorresponding to each form of H₀ is constructed and the A,D and ioptimal design, minimizing the trace, determinant and largest eigenvalue of a defined covariance matrix of related maximumlikelihoodestimators, in that class is determined. Moreover, the optimal design in each class maximizes the noncentrality parameter λ² of the asymptotic noncentral chi-square distribution of the likelihood ratiostatistic -2 log λ for testing H_o under defined local alternatives. These results apply directly to symmetrical factorial paired comparison experiments as special casesExamples are given forillustrating applications of the developed results     

Assessment and Treatment of Sexual Compulsivity

Abstract

Sexual addiction represents a life-threatening obsession-a pattern of out-of-control sexual behavior with serious physical, emotional, and legal consequences. This paper discusses the concept, etiology and characteristics of sexual addiction. It offers information that will help mental health professionals accurately assess the problem and provide appropriate treatment. Case material illustrates a multi-modal treatment process with a young gay male who was addicted to anonymous sex. [Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-342-9678.     

Prompting Depression Treatment Seeking among Smokers: A Comparison of Participants from Six Countries in an Internet Stop Smoking RCT

Websites containing information and advice about health are increasingly common and popular. It is important to understand whether the material these sites contain can positively influence individual behavior, and whether populations differ in their response to that material. Participants in an international web-based stop smoking randomized controlled trial (RCT) were screened for major depression; participants whose history and/or depression symptoms were deemed of concern were offered one of two prompts (Strong and Mild) to seek treatment, depending on depression history. Participants from 3 predominantly English-speaking and 3 predominantly Spanish-speaking countries were analyzed. Individuals given a Strong prompt were more likely to seek treatment for depression than those given a weak prompt (16.6% vs. 10.2% of previously untreated individuals reported seeking treatment), controlling for symptom level and other variables. Country-specific differences were observed, with participants from South Africa and Spain departing from the common pattern of Strong prompt leading to higher likelihood of treatment seeking. Older age and female gender, but not symptom level predicted higher likelihood of seeking treatment following a prompt. The results suggest that information provided by the health websites can promote help seeking in affected individuals.     

Mending the Levee: How Supernaturally Anchored Conceptions of the Person Impact on Trauma Perception and Healing among Children (Cases from Madagascar and Nepal)

When dealing with children and youth who experience distressing events, psychosocial diagnostics and healing programmes principally resort to biomedical models. Children are often viewed as individualised ‘victims’ suffering from trauma and ‘in need’ of outside help. Highlighting case studies from Madagascar and Nepal, this article argues that the biomedical approach to trauma would be strengthened by a concomitant analysis of social networks, including the perceived relations with the supernatural. The various tandems of family and kin relationships, the living and the dead, constitute not only a social ‘levee’ breached by distressing events, but also the locus around which social relations are rebuilt.