工会发展与工资不平等： 美英工会的标准化工资率策略

从历史分析的角度看,工会和集体谈判对降低工资不平等有积极作用。美英两国的工会力量在过去一百年的发展中呈现出先增后降的倒U形趋势,与此同时,工资差距和收入不平等程度则呈同步反向运动。工会出于组织考虑、客观标准和工人团结的原因,在集体谈判中采用标准化工资率策略,提高了低工资者收入,压缩了工资分布范围,从而缩小了不平等程度。而我国存在集体合同覆盖率低、协商不充分等问题,为了改善我国收入不平等问题,需要进一步发挥工会在初次分配中的作用。     

伦理规范与集体信念?——制度性事实视域中伦理规范的“事实性”与“规范性”

伦理规范与信念之间的关系不同于原始事实与信念的关系,这根源于伦理规范作为制度性事实的本体论特征。塞尔的制度性事实理论和图梅勒的集体接受理论说明,伦理规范与集体信念之间具有本质联系,集体信念是伦理规范的构成性条件,伦理规范的“事实性”及其“规范性”特征是以集体信念为基础,因而是“主体间性”(intersubjectivity)的。这一论题对伦理规范的基础以及现代性条件下伦理规范时代性问题的研究和思考具有重要理论意义。     

资产注入、大股东支持行为与公司绩效

我国上市公司普遍存在第二类委托代理问题。以上市公司控股股东定向增发资产注入行为作为研究视角,研究了资本市场中大股东对上市公司“支持”抑或是“掏空”这一问题。研究发现,大股东注入的资产与我国证券市场中上市公司经营性资产具有比较高的关联度,有效地减少了大股东与上市公司之间的关联交易,完善了资产注入上市公司的价值链,提高了上市公司整体的经营绩效。     

男女大学生学习动力比较研究——基于上海理工大学1 398名学生的抽样分析

男女大学生性别差异会导致学习动力方面的差异,为找出影响男女大学生学习的潜在因子及ffn_~作用关系,将计划行为理论和结构方程模型相结合来建立男女大学生学习动力模型,对上海理工大学l398名学生的有效调查样本进行分析。结果表明,知觉行为控制变量可以作为实际控制条件的替代策略指标来直接预测行为发生的可能性,相比之下学习态度和学习行为规范对学习行为的影响相对较小,并在进一步的因子荷载比较分析中得出：三大变量的潜在要素对男女大学生学习动力的影响及其程度存在很大的差异,如女生的学习行为更加积极,男生则在自我学习控制能力和学习方法上难以适应要求,男女生普遍认为教课方式和课堂内容缺乏吸引力,女生对学习环境的要求更明显等。     

种粮大户售粮方式行为选择及影响因素分析——基于“PT”前景理论和Slogit模型

基于前景理论和黑龙江省地方和垦区460户种粮大户实地调查数据,利用Slogit模型,分析了种粮大户售粮方式行为选择的影响因素。研究结论显示,知识水平（文化程度、种粮总收入、身体状况、农业投入人口）、心智水平（粮食收成状况、现行粮食价格、未来价格预期、承担售粮风险）和主观愿望（通公路、入合作社）等变量对种粮大户售粮方式行为选择有较强的正向作用效应,而社会关系变量（掌握了储粮技术、获得信息的渠道）对种粮大户售粮方式行为选择的影响呈现出显著的负相关关系,充分表明种粮大户自身内在特征等变量对选择售粮方式的行为产生了重要的影响。     

专业主义视域下的关联专业群体间互动行为及其规范探索——以民航飞行具与空中交通管制具为例

关联专业群体问的互动行为通过相互关联的专业群体成员问的“参与协商”互动迭成均衡。由于互动双方拥有对等的不对称专业知识和信息,因而在互动过程中产生对等的机会主义倾向和行为的可能性大大增加,从而对客户或公众的感知和评价产生负面效应。有必要在互动中遵循专业主义意识形态下的互动伦理议题,规范互动双方的行为,消除理性行为选择的负面效用。     

A Profile of Adolescent Health

SUMMARY

As the adolescent population living in this country undergoes dramatic demographic changes in the 21st Century, increasing both in numbers and ethnic/racial diversity, practitioners and policy makers need to understand the prevalence of and trends in adolescent risk-taking behaviors, morbidity and mortality. Significant disparities in health status exist by ethnicity/race and gender in areas including: unintentional injury, violence, mental health, substance use, sexual behavior, and disease prevention. The epidemiological profile can help mobilize communities to address adolescent health issues. Developing effective interventions will require an ecological approach that builds on adolescents' assets and takes into account the contexts in which they live.     

Condom Use,Condom Refusal,and Substituted Sexual Behaviors Among Youth at Higher and Lower Risk for HIV Infection

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to describe sexual behaviors that youth substitute for protected intercourse when a partner refuses to use a condom or a condom is not used. Participants included: (a) 120 adolescents (mean age 17.2 years) undergoing substance abuse treatment and (b) 171 university students (mean age 21.3 years). The treatment sample reported significantly higher levels of discrete risk factors for HIV exposure. While only a small proportion of each sample experienced outright refusals by partners to use condoms, the majority of participants in each sample used condoms inconsistently with main partners. The university sample reported more substituted behaviors (lower risk and total) when partners did not want to use condoms. Yet, substantial proportions of participants in each sample engaged in unprotected intercourse. Implications for social work and health promotion efforts directed toward youth at risk for HIV/STD exposures are discussed.     

Intergenerational Conflict in Korean Immigrant Homes and Its Effects on Children's Psychological Well-Being

Abstract

This study is concerned with the nature of parent-child conflict in the Korean immigrant home and how such conflict impacts on children's self-esteem, depressive symptoms, sense of marginality and subsequently their coping behavior. Acculturative stresses of immigrant families and potential cultural sources for intergenerational conflict are explored. To test the relationship between intergenerational conflict and its impact on children's psychological well-being, the study relies upon 312 cases of survey data that were collected by Shalom Christian Counseling Center in Los Angeles in 1999-2001. Using a series of bivariate relationships and multiple regression analyses, we evaluate the relative effects of intergenerational relations and perceived marginality along with several demographic factors on dependent variables: self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and coping behavior. Our findings clearly demonstrate that conflictual intergenerational relations impact negatively on the psychological adaptation process of Korean immigrant children. Korean immigrant children whose conflict is not dealt with or resolved well tend to exhibit high depressive symptoms and low self-esteem, which also are associated with their perception of marginality in larger society. Females are more associated with depressive symptoms, but less on unhealthy coping behavior. Children whose residency is relatively shorter are less likely to show depressive symptoms and subsequently to engage less in negative coping behavior than are those who have resided longer in the U.S. These children tend to experience more unhealthy coping behavior than do children having stable relations with their parents at home. The implication of this study is discussed, and possible intervention methods are suggested.     

大学生网络行为去抑制化的类型与成因分析

网络这把“双刃剑”在满足大学生的发展需求的同时,也导致大学生去抑制化的网络行为。文章分析归纳了大学生网络行为去抑制化的类型及成因,提出了对策建议,旨在为规范大学生网络行为提供参考。