R&D员工领导创新期望、内部动机与创新行为研究

在现代组织行为研究领域推动员工创造、创新的组织行为研究是一个热点问题。本文通过对我国跨地区企业研发员工的问卷调查研究对领导创新期望、员工内部工作动机及其创新行为间的关系进行了实证探讨。研究发现,在我国背景下,直属领导对下属员工的创新期望、员工之间横向交换对研发员工创新的行为都具有正向预测作用,其中员工内在工作动机在领导创新期望、员工横向交换对员工创新行为的作用路径关系中起到中介效应。本研究的调查结论不仅有助于加深我们对组织内员工创新行为推动和作用机制的深入了解,同时也会对我国企业,特别是高新技术企业推动员工创新的管理实践提供借鉴。     

A Sales Forecast Model for Short‐Life‐Cycle Products: New Releases at Blockbuster

We develop, in this article, a sales model for movie and game products at Blockbuster. The model assumes that there are three sales components: the first is from consumers who have already committed to purchasing (or renting) a product (e.g., based on promotion of, or exposure to, the product prior to its launch); the second comes from consumers who are potential buyers of the product; and the third comes from either a networking effect on closely tied (as in a social group) potential buyers from previous buyers (in the case of movie rental and all retail products) or re‐rents (in the case of game rental). In addition, we explicitly formulate into our model dynamic interactions between these sales components, both within and across sales periods. This important feature is motivated by realism, and it significantly contributes to the accuracy of our model. The model is thoroughly tested against sales data for rental and retail products from Blockbuster. Our empirical results show that the model offers excellent fit to actual sales activity. We also demonstrate that the model is capable of delivering reasonable sales forecasts based solely on environmental data (e.g., theatrical sales, studio, genre, MPAA ratings, etc.) and actual first‐period sales. Accurate sales forecasts can lead to significant cost savings. In particular, it can improve the retail operations at Blockbuster by determining appropriate order quantities of products, which is critical in effective inventory management (i.e., it can reduce the extent of over‐stocking and under‐stocking). While our model is developed specifically for product sales at Blockbuster, we believe that with context‐dependent modifications, our modeling approach could also provide a reasonable basis for the study of sales for other short‐Life‐Cycle products.     

农村集体资产产权制度改革——以云南大理市8个试点村为例

运用访谈的方法,通过对云南省大理市8个农村集体资产股份权能改革试点村进行实地调查研究,重点回答了集体资产产权制度改革“如何改”以及“改革后如何实现集体经济的可持续发展”问题。研究发现,大理市实施各项改革任务中坚持原则性与灵活性相结合,具体改革经验为：坚持不打破原组织界限的原则,在组、自然村、村三级各自建立股份经济合作社;清产核资采用原值评估方法;成员资格界定坚持承认历史,照顾现实的原则;股权设置特别是贡献股的设置因村制宜,并非整齐划一;股权管理模式选择不一,静态管理更有利于赋予完整的产权权能;在集体经济组织的管理体制上,条件成熟的地方优先探索政社分离。改革后,新型集体经济组织根据不同的资产类型采用不同的经营方法发展集体经济。集体经济收益有所提高,但若没有发展产业,集体经济增长的空间不大,还需进一步探索集体经济可持续发展的路子。     

我国基金经理投资口碑效应研究

本文考察了四大城市(上海、深圳、北京和广州)各基金系基金经理投资之间的关系。结果发现,同城基金经理投资相互影响显著大于其他城市基金经理的影响。这种现象可由口碑效应解释,同城投资者之间更易通过口头交流传递关于股票的信息和看法,进而影响投资行为。同时发现各城市基金经理倾向于采取相同投资决策,优质上市公司资源有限、基金公司股票池雷同、基金经理生存压力等原因可能导致基金持股趋同,该结果也一定程度上反映出基金管理公司的治理水平存在不足。     

企业社会责任行为中的战略管理视角理论综述

基于组织对企业社会责任(CSR)表现出的不同态度和内在动机,将企业的CSR行为划分为强制性、回应性、战略性和利他性4种类别,并在此基础上对相关理论进行回顾。通过对以往研究的比较总结,认为CSR行为在本质上作为企业的一种战略决策,受到内外部环境的共同影响并与之协同演进。由此,首次将战略管理中的协同演进观引入CSR研究,建立起CSR行为战略与组织绩效相互作用的协同演进模型,并在此模型基础上提出了下一步理论和实证研究的方向。     

Determinants of Environmental Behavior in Societies in Transition: Evidence from Five European Countries

Countries of Central and East Europe are in a process of economic, social and political transition. This process provides a unique opportunity for cross-national studies in a context of social transformation and radical infrastructural changes. In the present study, we compared environmental behavior, and the factors affecting it, of citizens from five European countries with diverse economic and social status. Outcomes of the present survey suggest that people's attitudes towards environmental issues and economy-environment trade-offs can be considered reliable predictors, contrary to political attitudes which did not prove to be important determinants of environmental behavior. However, one should be aware of the differences in individual factors affecting citizens' environmental behavior, since the latter cannot be considered as a linear function of a country's development and modernization.     

论传统家庭模式对生育文化的制度影响

在过去的生育率研究中 ,学术界习惯于从文化学的角度进行分析。传统家庭模式的几个主要特征对生育观念或偏好具有显著影响 ,这说明我国生育行为与传统生育文化的关系是以传统家庭模式作为制度基础的     

孩子质量与数量选择的理论模型及其应用

以贝克尔的孩子质量与数量选择的理论模型为基本分析工具,深入分析了母亲教育程度的提高会导致孩子质量的提高,而使孩子数量减少;同样,生育孩子的“固定成本”上升会导致有利于孩子质量的替代;最后还解释了为什么随着人们收入水平的提高,出生率反而下降和为什么在传统的农业社会,家庭普遍选择多生多育的生育模式。     

国家责任本位的体现——“江村”农民基本养老保险的实践与思考

基于对正在“江村”实施的农村基本养老保险的调查,从国家与“江村”农民在农业税与社会保障的汲取与给付的历时态考察,发现“江村”农民的养老保障经历了集体责任本位、个人责任本位,而目前国家在“江村”农民基本养老保险建设中对农民的供款是农村养老社会保障中国家责任本位的体现。文章还指出实施中的农村基本养老保险制度不应设定一些“株连一家”的规定,从而让国家责任本位体现得更加充分。     

风险感知、制度信任与农户宅基地退出行为

农户宅基地退出行为受内在风险感知和外部制度环境的双重影响。基于四川泸县和宁夏平罗803户农户的调研数据,实证研究了风险感知、制度信任对农户宅基地退出行为的影响,并进一步考察制度信任在风险感知影响农户宅基地退出行为中的调节作用。结果表明:风险感知抑制农户宅基地退出行为,且存在区位异质性;制度信任(行政理念信任和行政行为信任)促进农户宅基地退出行为,且能减轻风险感知对农户宅基地退出行为的负面影响,从边际效应看,行政行为信任的缓解作用强于行政理念信任。由此,提出审视宅基地区位级差效应,建立差别化的宅地基退出权益保障机制和风险防范机制,注重服务型政府的建设,通过改善个体对政府行政的情感态度以提高人们的制度信任水平等建议。