在儒家义理与事功之间——论曾国藩的为人、为学与为官

数百年来,能够以书生而克平世乱,戎马倥偬间亦为学不倦,并把学问事业均磨练成功之人可谓极少,而曾国藩居其一.究其一生的为人、为学、为官,我们可以用一句话来概括,那就是:在儒家义理与事功之间,曾国藩成功地交融了二者.     

企业伦理气候、组织承诺与组织公民行为的关系——以温州民营企业为例

企业社会责任等方面存在的问题是造成温州民营企业“民工荒”的重要原因。通过问卷调查,发现员工对企业伦理气候中的法规导向最为认可且看法比较一致,对组织承诺中的情感承诺最为认可且对道德承诺的看法相对一致,对组织公民行为中的组织公益最为认可且看法比较一致。员工对组织承诺、组织公民行为的主张是正向积极的,未发现企业伦理气候、组织承诺对组织公民行为有强烈的正向影响。提出温州民营企业摆脱困境的思路：重视企业伦理气候建设,形成正确的企业文化,增强员工的向心力;强化员工的组织承诺;鼓励员工的组织公民行为。     

The Impact of Culture on Equity Sensitivity Perceptions and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Five-Country Study

This paper examines the relationships between equity theory, equity sensitivity, and organizational citizenship behavior. Several issues are investigated: whether individuals from different cultures differ in their equity sensitivity orientations; whether individuals from different cultures differ in preference for benevolent, equity sensitive, and entitled situations involving a case scenario; and whether cultural differences impact organizational citizenship behavior.     

增强集体凝聚力的思考

凝聚力是一个国家、一个民族生存发展的重要基础。集体是有组织的社会群体的组合形式。集体凝聚力是集体生存和发展竞争壮大的关键问题。增强凝聚力的思考是具有战略意义的工作。本文着重指出了增强集体凝聚力的着眼点 ,着力处及关键问题     

证券商行为规范及法律责任探讨

规范证券商的行为是维护和发展证券市场的重要环节。我国《证券法》强化了对证券商行为的规范及行政责任之规定 ,但弱化了相应的民事责任制度 ,导致法律责任的失衡。建议完善证券商违规的民事责任制度 ,以维护交易秩序和安全。     

可持续发展与人类合作的道德契约

认为在人类可持续发展过程中 ,必须强化发达国家与发展中国家间道德契约的约束力。可道德契约能否促进两类国家在提供全球性公共产品方面进行有效合作 ,关键在于将他们间的合作从有穷次博弈转为无穷次博弈 ,即把两类国家间的关系从对抗转为长期合作 ,而以少数发达国家为核心的区域经济一体化则为这种长期合作关系提供了可能性     

Social Protest and Self-Enhancement: A Conditional Relationship

Data from a panel study are used to test the theoretically informed hypothesis that participation in social protest activities in the seventh grade has self-enhancing outcomes in the ninth grade and in young adulthood where the subjects in the seventh grade express alienation from the conventional social order. However, participation in social protest activities in the seventh grade is expected to have self-devaluing consequences in the ninth grade and young adulthood where the subjects in the seventh grade do not express alienation from the conventional social order. The results of OLS multiple regression analyses with interaction terms were consistent with the hypothesis. As predicted, among subjects who rejected the idea that one can get ahead by working hard, seventh grade social protest was inversely related to self-derogation; and, among subjects who affirm the idea that one can get ahead by working hard, social protest activities were related to higher subsequent levels of self-derogation.     

农村集体经济组织法人的内在逻辑与制度表达

农村集体经济组织是实现乡村振兴战略的重要主体,《民法典》确认其特别法人地位,奠定了未来中国土地改革的基础。农村集体经济组织具有存续期间的先在性、组织职能的双重性、成员资格的封闭性和集体资产的公有性等特别属性,亦正是该特别属性导致农村集体经济组织陷入外延边界不清、组织职能分配不均衡、组织内农民难以受益和面临市场风险等制度困境,亟需进行法律上合理的制度表达。应厘清农村集体经济组织与村民委员会的角色定位并实现“政经分离”,适当剥离公共事业服务职能并强化生产经营性职能,在适度开放集体成员资格的同时设立成员双层结构,承认农村集体经济组织的破产能力,但应将集体土地所有权及非经营性资产本身从责任财产范围中予以剔除。     

The Role of Maternal Behavior in the Relation between Shyness and Social Reticence in Early Childhood and Social Withdrawal in Middle Childhood

The moderating effect of maternal behavior in the relations between social reticence and shyness in preschool and subsequent social withdrawal was investigated. Eighty children (47 females) were judged for degree of social reticence during play with unfamiliar peers at the age of four and mothers completed the Colorado child temperament inventory (CCTI). At the age of seven, the children were coded for degree of social withdrawal during peer play and mothers and children were observed during structured and unstructured activities. Two significant interaction effects indicated that maternal report of shyness was a positive predictor of age‐seven social withdrawal when mothers lacked positivity; whereas observed social reticence was associated with higher degrees of social withdrawal when mothers were highly negative. Maternal positivity and negativity differentially influenced the development of social withdrawal in childhood, such that maternal negativity is associated with poor social functioning in children who have an established history of social withdrawal; whereas maternal positivity is associated with better social outcome for preschoolers who are viewed as temperamentally shy.     

Toward Improving Food Safety in the Domestic Environment: A Multi-Item Rasch Scale for the Measurement of the Safety Efficacy of Domestic Food-Handling Practices

To reduce consumer health risks from foodborne diseases that result from improper domestic food handling, consumers need to know how to safely handle food. To realize improvements in public health, it is necessary to develop interventions that match the needs of individual consumers. Successful intervention strategies are therefore contingent on identifying not only the practices that are important for consumer protection, but also barriers that prevent consumers from responding to these interventions. A measure of food safety behavior is needed to assess the effectiveness of different intervention strategies across different groups of consumers. A nationally representative survey was conducted in the Netherlands to determine which practices are likely conducted by which consumers. Participants reported their behaviors with respect to 55 different food-handling practices. The Rasch modeling technique was used to determine a general measure for the likelihood of an average consumer performing each food-handling behavior. Simultaneously, an average performance measure was estimated for each consumer. These two measures can be combined to predict the likelihood that an individual consumer engages in a specific food-handling behavior. A single "food safety" dimension was shown to underlie all items. Some potentially safe practices (e.g., use of meat thermometers) were reported as very difficult, while other safe practices were conducted by respondents more frequently (e.g., washing of fresh fruit and vegetables). A cluster analysis was applied to the resulting data set, and five segments of consumers were identified. Different behaviors may have different effects on microbial growth in food, and thus have different consequences for human health. Once the microbial relevance of the different consumer behaviors has been confirmed by experiments and modeling, the scale developed in the research reported here can be used to develop risk communication targeted to the needs of different consumer groups, as well as to measure the efficacy of different interventions.