Occupational Safety:

After a feedback condition, assigned (foreman-selected) and participative (worker-selected) goal-setting were examined to determine how they might augment the safety performance of 150 workers in 17 rooms of a paper mill. A statistical comparison of performance under assigned goal-setting, with that under baseline conditions of feedback-alone demonstrated a significant increase in the percentage of nonhazardous conditions but not of safe practices. Goal-setting by workers did not produce significant increases for either practices or conditions, and rates of injuries remained at the same reduced level as during feedback-alone. A visual analysis of a graphic plot of repeated performance measures suggested that trends established during feedback alone could account, in part, for the improvements. Possibly ceiling effects and the stated opinions of workers about various attributes of goal-setting may have been related to the outcomes.     

The Effects of Attendance-Contingent Feedback and Praise on Attendance and Work Efficiency

Absenteeism continues to be a major problem for large segments of business and industry. Operant procedures have been used successfully to correct this problem, but most programs have used various forms of monetary reinforces. Applied research also has yet to examine the relationship between attendance and employee productivity. The present research uses feedback and social reinforcement to improve attendance, and examines attendance levels as they relate to worker efficiency. The findings of this study suggest that although there might be a slight increase in individual efficiency when absenteeism decreases, the relation between attendance and worker efficiency is not simple.     

A People-Based Approach to OBM

Abstract

This rejoinder discusses some common points raised in the commentaries of this special issue of JOBM, including (1) different definitions of positive and negative, (2) use of the terms reinforcement and establishing operation, and (3) concerns over the abandonment of behavior analysis for mentalistic research. In addition, a people-based approach to psychology is introduced and advocated as a leading-edge approach to understanding and improving organizational behavior.     

Should Organizational Behavior Management Expand Its Content?

Abstract

The American Psychological Association (APA) has defined the years 2000 to 2010 as the “Decade of Behavior,” and has been promoting this designation in convention materials, newsletters, media briefs, and professional publications. But APA seems to be avoiding the leading discipline in analyzing and changing behaviors in industrial settings-organizational behavior management (OBM). Furthermore, with only a few exceptions, OBM does not receive the attention it deserves in university psychology departments, including graduate programs in industrial/organizational (I/O) Psychology. This paper entertains reasons for the low and decreasing academic attention to OBM, and offers some possible solutions. It is proposed that OBM is generally discussed in overly simplistic terms; and unlike I/O Psychology, OBM does not draw on the wealth of relevant concepts and principles in other areas, especially cognitive and social psychology. Specific examples are given for expanding the typical boundaries of the OBM curriculum in order to improve organization-based interventions and realize greater opportunities to demonstrate the unique qualities of a behavior analysis approach to real-world problem solving.     

考虑CSR行为意识的闭环供应链运作与协调

在考虑制造商企业社会责任(CSR)行为意识及零售商CSR投入的情形下,研究第三方回收闭环供应链的运作及协调问题。分析了制造商的CSR行为意识与零售商的CSR投入之间的交互影响关系,以及二者对闭环供应链成员及整体绩效的影响。研究表明,制造商的CSR行为意识与零售商的CSR投入均有利于降低新产品批发价格、扩大新产品市场需求、提高废旧产品回收率,且二者具有相互激励的作用。虽然制造商的CSR行为意识会导致自身纯利润减少,但却能实现更大的社会福利、改善闭环供应链其他成员及整体的绩效。“收益共享-成本共担”契约不仅可以实现闭环供应链系统协调,还能促使制造商增强CSR行为意识、零售商提高CSR投入水平。     

论心理契约与组织公民行为的关系

心理契约和组织公民行为都是管理心理学研究的热点问题。“心理契约”是组织中一种隐性的联结员工和组织的心理纽带,对组织内部人员的态度和行为具有重要的影响。组织公民行为主要指员工自发性产生的那些超越了组织的正式角色规范、没有得到组织中正式的报酬系统直接或明确的回报,但从总体上提升了组织的有效运作的有益行为。心理契约与组织公民行为之间相互联系、相互影响,心理契约是组织公民行为的重要变量,不同履约程度下的组织公民行为存在显著差异;组织公民行为是心理契约的晴雨表,对心理契约有强化作用。     

农民行为逻辑与合作能力：一个新的阐释视角

首先对农民的行为逻辑、合作意愿与合作能力进行系统文献回顾,结果发现,虽然这些理论观点都具有一定的现实解释力,但未能全面反映事实,问题不在于这些事是而非的现象,而在于现有理论不能框架性和系统地解释这些矛盾性现象.农民的经济行为会形成一个以自我利益为中心、以经济利益为半径的经济生活圈,其理性程度、合作意愿和合作能力与经济生活圈呈正相关关系.     

粮食主产区种稻大户稻作经营借贷行为的实证研究——基于江西省619户种稻大户的调研

以江西省619户种稻大户为例,应用Logit模型分析方法,分析种稻大户借贷行为选择的主要影响因素.结果表明,户主文化程度、农田面积、转租方式(租期)、对借贷评价等5种因素对大户借贷行为选择有着显著的正向作用;成为大户的年数对大户借贷行为选择也有显著影响,但作用为负向;大户的稻谷最低价评价对其借贷行为没有影响.最后提出了相应的政策建议.     

消费者安全食品购买倾向解释模型的构建——计划行为理论框架下的定性研究

基于对计划行为理论及其研究进展的简要回顾,采用定性研究的方法,总结和归纳出中国消费者安全食品购买倾向的影响因素。在此基础上构建出中国消费者安全食品购买倾向的解释模型。