百年来对《资本论》的一个误读--商品价值是以简单劳动为尺度来计量的吗?

当今世界,各种劳动的知识化水平千差万别,同一时间内创造的价值量相去甚远.根据马克思关于商品价值实体的概念和商品价值相对性原理,衡量各种劳动创造价值的能力的尺度应该是社会平均劳动而非简单劳动.诚然,马克思在<资本论>中说过,各种劳动的计量单位是简单劳动,但马克思所说的简单劳动实际上就是指社会平均劳动.后人没有注意到这一点,因此,传统的商品价值量公式就成了没有前提条件的永远适用的教条而未能与时俱进.     

知识产权的权利穷竭问题研究

权利穷竭是随着商品经济的发展而产生的原则。通常认为,确保商品的自由流通和利益平衡是解释知识产权的权利穷竭合理性的两个重要理由。权利穷竭还可以从一般的法理学和经济学方面认识。如它是协调知识产权与物权之间冲突的制度安排;权利穷竭既维护了对知识产品的使用,又维护了对知识产权人的保护,对最大限度地发挥知识产品的经济效益、优化利用社会资源、实现知识产权法的目的具有重要意义。      

Supplying lead firms,intangible assets and power in global value chains: Explaining governance in the fertilizer chain

Global suppliers of agricultural inputs such as seeds, fertilizers and agrochemicals exert increasing degrees of power in global value chains (GVCs). Although the GVC literature has explained how global buyers govern GVCs from the buying-end, the question of how global suppliers achieve governance from the supplying-end remains underexplored. We address this gap by combining a multidimensional typology of power with literature on intangible assets. We argue that intangible assets are crucial resources for global suppliers to morph otherwise ungovernable supply chains for undifferentiated input commodities into more sophisticated and governable GVCs. We illustrate our argument with the case of the global fertilizer supplier, YARA International. YARA's intangible asset investments were instrumental in governing the value chain integration of Tanzanian smallholder farmers. They allowed YARA to exert more than bargaining power (demonstrative, institutional and constitutive power) and to effectively position itself as supplying lead firm in Tanzania's agro-industrial GVC.     

Power in consensus: Legitimacy,global value chains and inequality in telecommunications standard-setting

Power is central to GVC research, but the concept is usually restricted to ‘direct’ market power that generates rents. This paper examines ‘diffuse’ conceptualizations of power in GVCs that focus on social construction, arguing that they exist along a continuum from ‘fractured’ to ‘encompassing’. Then, empirically, it shows how different types of power intermix in telecommunications standard-setting from 1999 to 2021, using a comprehensive dataset of every finalized work item in 3GPP. Given powerful network effects in telecommunications, the industry is ripe for monopolistic rents and unequal value capture on a global scale. However, these are attenuated by a layering of power relations, and particularly, an intermediary form of social construction – legitimacy – which is the primary driver of telecommunications standard-setting, and a new type of constitutive power in GVCs, alongside governmentality and hegemony. This is illustrated by focusing on two major shifts in legitimacy in 3GPP – the rise of Huawei and network operators. The paper shows how power becomes layered with collective forms of power partially neutralizing inter-firm forms of dyadic power, which attenuates monopolistic value capture.     

Broken Interaction Rituals,Struggles for Membership,and Violence among Young Children in Two Danish Schools

Children's conflicts, understood as disagreements involving negative emotional energy, constitute a particularly intense type of social interaction. In this paper, we show that children's conflictual interactions in school differ with regard to interactional dynamics and levels of confrontational tension, which together potentially lead to violence. We discuss how these differences relate to issues of inclusion and exclusion, to levels of interactional resources, and to neighborhood differences. Our conclusions are based on analysis of fieldwork data on children aged five to eight in two Danish schools. The analysis applies Goffman's and Collins's perspectives on interaction rituals and violence and the concept of emotional capital based on Bourdieu's theory of practice.     

The strong laws of large numbers for countable non homogeneous hidden Markov models

In this article, we are going to study the strong laws of large numbers for countable non homogeneous hidden Markov models. First, we introduce the notion of countable non homogeneous hidden Markov models. Then, we obtain some properties for those Markov models. Finally, we establish two strong laws of large numbers for countable non homogeneous hidden Markov models. As corollaries, we obtain some known results of strong laws of large numbers for finite non homogeneous Markov chains.     

The subject of objects: Marx,new materialism, & queer forms of life

Abstract

This article examines two interrelated themes in the scholarship categorized as ‘new materialism’: first, the aim to undermine the subject/object distinction; second, the proposition that agency exists across the material world. While new materialists, such as Jane Bennett, conceive of their approach as an intervention against the injurious effects of capitalism, I argue that destabilizing the object/subject binary and endowing inanimate objects with vitality and agency is actually a constitutive feature of capitalism itself. To illustrate this point, I turn to Marx’s analysis, providing a queer reading of his theorization of commodities. Revisting Marx’s account of commodity fetishism in tandem with new materialism yields fresh insights into the logics of capitalism, specifically, the manner in which it thrives on concurrently producing and erasing subjectivities, thereby distorting social materiality and material sociality.     

The sexual politics of veggies: Beyoncé’s “commodity veg*ism”

This article explores the way vegan and vegetarian diets have been articulated within neo-liberal post-feminist culture. While these diets have an important role for vegetarian eco-feminists, as signs of resistance against the patriarchal and capitalist exploitative system, in post-feminism they have become sexy and business oriented. This shift is analyzed through the case study of Beyoncé’s involvement with the commercial enterprise “22 days,” a dietary regime that involves the elimination of any animal product for 22 days. Our argument is that while eco-feminists have embraced vegetarian and vegan regimes as ethical and political choices, post-feminism depoliticizes and deradicalizes them. In this way, they become part of an individualistic project that emphasizes empowerment and meritocracy; choice, agency, and responsibilization; and the focus on a healthy, sexy body. Ultimately, the post-feminist articulation of vegan diets promotes a form of “commodity veg*ism,” that is not only devoid of any critical force, but also reproduces existing patterns of discrimination and inequality. We use the term veg*ism to indicate the fluid uptake of vegan and vegetarian diets, whereby the avoidance of animal products relies more on an individual than on ethical and/or political choice.     

以文化创意产业强化区域文化中心地位

发展文化创意产业是广州进一步落实科学发展观,实现经济增长方式转变和产业结构转型的需要,也是提高广州城市综合竞争力、提升广州城市文化品位、展示广州国际化大都市形象的需要。广州的文化创意产业有着较好的发展基础,取得了一定的成就。广州还应强化区域文化中心的地位,促进文化创意产业的持续、健康发展。     

从《史记&#183;货殖列传》看秦汉之际的商品经济及其特色

本文通过《史记·货殖列传》的分析 ,认为秦汉之际中国已经崛起了一个庞大的商人阶级 ,开始了人类第三次分工 ;中国的商人阶级的资本原始积累与西欧商人阶级不同 ,有鲜明的中国特色 ,而中国的商品经济包孕在封建经济的构架中发展 ,这又是我国历史上商品经济的特色。这些都值得深入研究与阐发 ,以丰富马克思主义商品经济的理论