物质文化的社会生命史与文化传记研究

礼物作为人类学研究领域中的经典话题,一直以来都是备受关注,学者围绕着莫斯的"豪"(hau)论证、补充、完善礼物交换的范式.随着人类学对复杂社会的研究取向和商品拜物教的发展,礼物与商品的天然链接使得商品成为交换的主流,人们开始关注商品从市场领域进入消费领域后,商品在"去商品化"后的社会发展及其背后的不同消费者的社会地位、关系与权力,开启了物的生命史与文化传记研究,为消费社会人们对于商品的研究开启一条途径.     

生态工业园共生网络的构建与实现——基于生态工业园构建“棕派”理论研究

本文首先对生态工业园构建的两种理论进行区分。在此基础上,对当今国内外生态工业园构建情况进行了论述,得出生态工业园构建的两条关键因素是共生链的建立与废弃物的处理。根据生态工业园所需要完成的功能,列出企业间形成共生链所要达到的六个条件,应用向量内积公式的方法,按照六个条件对企业进行两两内积运算,找出传统工业园中存在的或者潜在的共生链。分析传统工业园中的各个企业的共生链占有率、废弃物的可用性以及污染度。综合三者的分析结果,对传统工业园内的节点企业进行优选。根据生态工业园所处的不同环境,提出原有规模基础上的构建与扩展型生态工业园构建两种节点企业补充模式,并分别对两种模式进行说明与论述,完善优选后的生态工业园共生网络,进而完成生态工业园构建。     

接收机钟差灰色马尔可夫预测模型研究

将灰色理论与马尔可夫链相结合,提出了基于灰色马尔可夫链的接收机钟差预测模型。首先根据灰色理论对钟差序列数据进行拟合以及初步预测,然后以拟合曲线为基础划分状态空间,通过马尔可夫状态转移概率矩阵对初步预测值进行修正。在预测过程中,不断引入最新数据并剔除最旧数据,对模型进行实时更新,以进一步提高预测精度。实例计算验证了该模型的有效性与可行性。     

现代商品包装探析

随着经济的迅速发展和生活质量的不断提高,人们的生活理念和消费模式正在发生重大变化,商品的包装在人们生活中也越来越重要,显现出了商品包装新的特色,也能更好地以多样化包装来满足现代人不同层次的消费需求。     

论丝绸之路向茶马古道的转型——从词与物的传播说起

丝绸之路是连接欧亚大陆的重要通道,但由于古道赖以存在的必要传播商品丝绸不是生活必须品,丝绸之路时有中断。伊斯兰教的东渐,使丝绸之路有一个大的中断。随着恃茶习俗在丝绸之路上的形成,茶马互市在丝绸之路上出现,丝绸之路得以复兴。唐宋时期丝绸之路上的必要传播商品由丝绸转换成茶,丝绸之路开始向茶马古道转型。     

宋代宫廷贵族音乐的衰落与市民通俗音乐的繁荣

宋代是中国古代音乐发展的一个转型期。随着商品经济的繁荣与社会生产力水平的提高,城市得到了很大的发展。市民阶层及其音乐文化,逐渐替代宫廷贵族音乐而发展成为社会的主流音乐文化——市民通俗音乐文化。这种音乐文化注重写实主义,具有热情奔放和浅显直白的特点。戏曲音乐无疑是众多市民通俗音乐体裁中的杰出代表,综合运用诗、歌、舞等综合舞台形式,将市民阶层的寻常故事搬上舞台,赢得了市民群众的普遍欢迎。在瓦舍勾栏、酒肆茶楼、寺庙道观或街头巷尾等公共场所的演出活动中,不断吸收各类文化形态和艺术体裁的精髓,完成了由滑稽小戏向成熟戏剧的过渡,宣告了剧曲音乐时代的到来。     

Decision knowledge sharing: flexible supply chains in KM context

Supply chain excellence has a real impact on business strategy. Building supply chains as flexible systems represents one of the most exciting opportunities to create value and one of the most challenging tasks for the policy makers. It requires integrated decision making amongst autonomous chain partners with effective decision knowledge sharing between them. The key to success lies in knowing which decision has more impact on the overall performance and this can be achieved by appropriate knowledge sharing. In this context, knowledge management (KM) can be used as an effective approach to achieve knowledge sharing and decision synchronisation in supply chains. Flexible supply chains (FSC_s) are more complex and involve multiple autonomous players with varying technical cultures (affects knowledge mindsets), managerial background (affects decision knowledge) and supply chain management (SCM) exposures (affects knowledge sharing attitudes). Thus there is a need to develop demo models that can encourage chain managers towards collaborative knowledge sharing in the supply chains. This paper presents the application of one such model based on decision knowledge sharing (DKS) for improved supply chain management. A simulation model of a flexible supply chain based on DKS framework is developed for demo purposes. The key results are highlighted along with industry implications. The cost based performance of DKS at different levels of flexibility is studied. Thus a careful analysis of the chain with a focus on collaborative decisions is useful to ensure success. This paper addresses this interesting and challenging domain.     

Green supply chain performance measurement using the analytic hierarchy process: a comparative analysis of manufacturing organisations

The main purpose of this research is to develop and deploy an analytical framework for measuring the environmental performance of manufacturing supply chains. This work's theoretical bases combine and reconcile three major areas: supply chain management, environmental management and performance measurement. Researchers have suggested many empirical criteria for green supply chain (GSC) performance measurement and proposed both qualitative and quantitative frameworks. However, these are mainly operational in nature and specific to the focal company. This research develops an innovative GSC performance measurement framework by integrating supply chain processes (supplier relationship management, internal supply chain management and customer relationship management) with organisational decision levels (both strategic and operational). Environmental planning, environmental auditing, management commitment, environmental performance, economic performance and operational performance are the key level constructs. The proposed framework is then applied to three selected manufacturing organisations in the UK. Their GSC performance is measured and benchmarked by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a multiple-attribute decision-making technique. The AHP-based framework offers an effective way to measure and benchmark organisations’ GSC performance. This study has both theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically it contributes holistic constructs for designing a GSC and managing it for sustainability; and practically it helps industry practitioners to measure and improve the environmental performance of their supply chain.     

Cumulative cohort design for dose-finding

We introduce a new design for dose-finding in the context of toxicity studies for which it is assumed that toxicity increases with dose. The goal is to identify the maximum tolerated dose, which is taken to be the dose associated with a prespecified “target” toxicity rate. The decision to decrease, increase or repeat a dose for the next subject depends on how far an estimated toxicity rate at the current dose is from the target. The size of the window within which the current dose will be repeated is obtained based on the theory of Markov chains as applied to group up-and-down designs. But whereas the treatment allocation rule in Markovian group up-and-down designs is only based on information from the current cohort of subjects, the treatment allocation rule for the proposed design is based on the cumulative information at the current dose. We then consider an extension of this new design for clinical trials in which the subject's outcome is not known immediately. The new design is compared to the continual reassessment method.     

Vehicle Replacement in the International Committee of the Red Cross

This article studies 4 × 4 vehicle replacement within the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), one of the largest humanitarian organizations. ICRC policy sets the replacement of vehicles at 5 years or 150,000 km, whichever comes first. Using field data collected at the ICRC headquarters and national level we study the ICRC policy. Our results suggest that the organization can make considerable savings by adjusting its replacement policy. This study contributes to the area of logistics and transportation research in humanitarian operations.