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81.
Does Iconicity in Pictographs Matter? The Influence of Iconicity and Numeracy on Information Processing,Decision Making,and Liking in an Eye‐Tracking Study 下载免费PDF全文
Researchers recommend the use of pictographs in medical risk communication to improve people's risk comprehension and decision making. However, it is not yet clear whether the iconicity used in pictographs to convey risk information influences individuals’ information processing and comprehension. In an eye‐tracking experiment with participants from the general population (N = 188), we examined whether specific types of pictograph icons influence the processing strategy viewers use to extract numerical information. In addition, we examined the effect of iconicity and numeracy on probability estimation, recall, and icon liking. This experiment used a 2 (iconicity: blocks vs. restroom icons) × 2 (scenario: medical vs. nonmedical) between‐subject design. Numeracy had a significant effect on information processing strategy, but we found no effect of iconicity or scenario. Results indicated that both icon types enabled high and low numerates to use their default way of processing and extracting the gist of the message from the pictorial risk communication format: high numerates counted icons, whereas low numerates used large‐area processing. There was no effect of iconicity in the probability estimation. However, people who saw restroom icons had a higher probability of correctly recalling the exact risk level. Iconicity had no effect on icon liking. Although the effects are small, our findings suggest that person‐like restroom icons in pictographs seem to have some advantages for risk communication. Specifically, in nonpersonalized prevention brochures, person‐like restroom icons may maintain reader motivation for processing the risk information. 相似文献
82.
《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2012,82(1-4):133-146
Recently, Akyildiz called for further work on non-Poisson models for communication arrivals in distributed networks such as cellular phone systems. The basic ‘random’ model for stochastic events is the Poisson process; for events on a line this resuits in an exponential disiribuuon of intervals between events. Network designers and managers need too monotor and quantify call clustering in order to optimize resaurce usage; the natural reference state from which to measure departures is that arising from a Poisson, process of calls. Here we consider gamma distributions, which contain exponential distributions as a special case. The surface representing gamma models has a natural Riemannian information metric and we obtain some geodesic sprays for this metric. The exponential distributions form a 1-dimensional subspace of the 2-dimensional space of all gamma distributions, so we have an isometric embedding of the random model as a subspace of the gamma models. This geometry may provide an appropriate structure on which to represent clustering as quantifiable departures from randomness and on which to impose dynamic control algorithms to optimize traffic at receiving nodes in distributed communication networks. In practice, we may expect correlation between call arrival times and call duration, reflecting for example peaks of different users of internet services. This would give rise to a twisted product of two surfaces with the twisting controlled by the correlation. Though bivariate gamma models do exist, such as Kibble's, none has tractabie information geometry nor sufficiently general marginal gammas,but a simulation method of approach is suggested. 相似文献
83.
《Public Relations Review》2014,40(5):859-861
The current investigation aimed to gather data about how communication is structured in large-scale organizations, which departments are seen as part of corporate communication and what practitioners’ perceptions are about the structure and responsibilities of corporate communication departments. Data were gathered from 51 large-scale organizations and 122 practitioners in Turkey via a questionnaire. 相似文献
84.
当代大学生作为社会中的重要群体,他们需要与外界的交往,处理关系,如何建立,发展,巩固这种关系,就要靠沟通来完成。在高校中,针对大学生的思想政治教育过程就是一个如何与他们沟通的过程。面对当下个性彰显,不断追求新事物的年轻群体,怎样把握沟通的要素和形式,它有哪些特点和功能,遵循什么样的原则和策略,以及新时期下师生沟通过程中出现的障碍和问题,正是本文要探讨的内容。 相似文献
85.
《Risk analysis》2018,38(9):1904-1920
86.
《Public Relations Review》2014,40(5):818-828
This study analyses the trends and visibility of research on public relations in the most relevant Spanish media and communication journals between the years 2000 and 2012. Bibliometrics and content analysis are used to show the reduced presence of articles on public relations in these publications. A trend towards gender parity in authorship is confirmed in the sample, as well as a plurality of universities and a variety of research themes. The study also proves preference for generic questions rather than for specialised topics. Another finding is that almost one fourth of the specific articles on this discipline do not contain the term “public relations”. This can hint towards the need to have a specific high-impact publication on public relations to bring together and provide visibility to the contributions of researchers in this field. 相似文献
87.
Communicating Conservation Status: How Different Statistical Assessment Criteria Affect Perceptions of Extinction Risk 下载免费PDF全文
Although alternative forms of statistical and verbal information are routinely used to convey species’ extinction risk to policymakers and the public, little is known about their effects on audience information processing and risk perceptions. To address this gap in literature, we report on an experiment that was designed to explore how perceptions of extinction risk differ as a function of five different assessment benchmarks (Criteria A–E) used by scientists to classify species within IUCN Red List risk levels (e.g., Critically Endangered, Vulnerable), as well as the role of key individual differences in these effects (e.g., rational and experiential thinking styles, environmental concern). Despite their normative equivalence within the IUCN classification system, results revealed divergent effects of specific assessment criteria: on average, describing extinction risk in terms of proportional population decline over time (Criterion A) and number of remaining individuals (Criterion D) evoked the highest level of perceived risk, whereas the single‐event probability of a species becoming extinct (Criterion E) engendered the least perceived risk. Furthermore, participants scoring high in rationality (analytic thinking) were less prone to exhibit these biases compared to those low in rationality. Our findings suggest that despite their equivalence in the eyes of scientific experts, IUCN criteria are indeed capable of engendering different levels of risk perception among lay audiences, effects that carry direct and important implications for those tasked with communicating about conservation status to diverse publics. 相似文献
88.
Scholars utilizing situational crisis communication theory (SCCT) mainly examine how attributed responsibility affects organizational reputation and how response strategies matched with the amount of attributed responsibility protect reputation. The findings on these 2 important questions have been mixed. A meta-analysis of 35 investigations from 24 studies published between January 1990 and March 2015 was conducted to explain the mixed findings and reveal average correlations. Attributed responsibility was strongly associated with reputation at –.54, and response strategies were only weakly associated with reputation at .23. Equally important, crisis vignette choice moderated the responsibility-reputation association. Crisis clusters, reputation measurements, sample choice, and crisis vignette choice moderated the match-reputation association. Theoretical, methodological, and practical implications were discussed. 相似文献
89.
谭旭虎 《中南大学学报(社会科学版)》2014,(5)
美国著名汉学家史景迁(Jonathan D. Spence)从文化认知、文化比较的研究视域出发,对孔子进行了跨文化解读与传播。在史景迁“去偶像化”的观照方式下,孔子被解码、建构为具备鲜明个性特质的人文主义者及令人尊重的教育者形象。同时,史景迁致力于厘清西方一般认知中对孔子及其思想的诸多误读,并努力唤起西方受众对孔子当代意义的认同。 相似文献
90.
This paper shows how a public media can effectively utilize its social capital, and integrate with different resources from the related non-profit organizations and corporations in public relations perspective. A case study of a high-popularity Taiwanese public traffic radio: Police Broadcasting Service (PBS) is conducted. The finding shows that the public radio can cost-effectively deliver health communication with the principle of social marketing. 相似文献