引发短道速滑运动损伤的心理因素及预防

从短道速滑技术动作教学、训练、比赛中的各种运动损伤心理因素调查分析,引发运动损伤的心理致因主要与焦虑、应激、个性、心理准备等因素有关。提出了针对性的改善措施,使之有利于减少因心理因素造成的运动损伤。     

我国民间组织支持弱势群体的走向探索

民间组织是支持弱势群体的重要力量。然而在当前中国,民间组织对弱势群体的支持力度却很小。本文从加强与社会环境系统互动、创新支持模式、转变政府职能3个维度来探索民间组织支持弱势群体的走向,从而构筑弱势群体的“铁三角”式的支持体系,促使民间组织成为弱势群体支持主体中辅助政府的“有力的手”。     

论教育对儿童身心发展的负面影响

对儿童的成长来说,教育必不可少;但教育对儿童的身心发展也有负面影响。这种负面影响有两种类型:一种源于教育活动与儿童天性的固有矛盾,它迫使儿童为自己的成长付出必须付出的代价;另一种源于不当的教育管理和教育行为,它迫使儿童付出不应付出的代价。在教育学界,教育对儿童身心发展的负面影响受到普遍忽视。教育学教科书,应当用一定篇幅来论述这种负面影响的性质、类型和产生原因,提醒人们注意反思和改善自己的教育行为和管理行为。     

高职大学生心理健康状况调查

采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)调查,结果表明：高职大学生心理问题发生率为12．22%,主要表现为强迫、偏执、恐怖和精神病性等,除躯体化、人际关系因子分之外其它均高于中国常模水平。因此,高职学院学生的心理健康状况,应当引起学校和社会的高度重视。     

Evaluating Risk Communications: Completing and Correcting Mental Models of Hazardous Processes, Part II

We propose a decision-analytic framework, called the mental models approach , for evaluating the impact of risk communications. It employs multiple evaluation methods, including think-aloud protocol analysis, problem solving, and a true-false test that allows respondents to express uncertainty about their answers. The approach is illustrated in empirical comparisons of three brochures about indoor radon.     

Polarization in the Reaction to Health‐Risk Information: A Question of Social Position?

Dissemination of risk information is ubiquitous in contemporary society. We explore how individuals react in everyday life to health-risk information, based on what they report in personal interviews. Health-risk information was without exception recognized as unstable and inconsistent. This conformity, however, did not extend to the narratives regarding how health-risk information should be handled. Two opposite positions (ideal-typical strategies) are presented. Either you tend to process and evaluate new information or you tend to ignore it as a whole. Our attempt to reveal the underlying rationality in these two very different approaches involved the exploration of three different avenues of interpretation and brings together two scientific paradigms--economics and sociology--that provide the framework for our analysis. First, we suggest that a greater long-term experience of explicit choice implies that this kind of action becomes more natural and less resource consuming, whereas a reliance on habits in daily life--a natural adjustment to a lack of resources--makes it is more costly to bother about new information. Second, with fewer resources in the short run, fewer opportunities to mitigate bad outcomes, and greater exposure to social and material risks, one is less likely to devote resources to deal with health-risk information. Third, there are several possible links between a low propensity to take account of risk information and a high relative importance of genuine uncertainty in one's life. These theoretical perspectives provide a viable set of hypotheses regarding mechanisms that may contribute to social differences in the response to health-risk information.     

Psychosocial stress and job satisfaction in female office employees with and without neck-shoulder symptoms

The objective of this research performed in a Finnish occupational health care setting was to describe the annual prevalence of neck and shoulder symptoms in female office employees and to test whether or not these symptoms were associated with psychosocial stress, job satisfaction and health locus of control. The subjects consisted wholly of female office employees (n = 232) at one local bank and three insurance offices, chosen on a voluntary basis. The annual prevalence of disturbing neck-shoulder symptoms among female office employees was 43.3%. An association of these symptoms with psychosomatic symptoms, poor general job satisfaction and its two subdimensions, work content and perception of the healthiness of the working environment, was noticed. The subjects with neck-shoulder symptoms had a significantly higher score of feelings of external control (fatalism) than those without symptoms. The results lead to the conclusion that neck-shoulder symptoms are common amongst female office employees. These symptoms are associated with some psychosocial stress factors and job dissatisfaction. In future, it would be important to pay attention to these factors when trying to reduce the prevalence of neck-shoulder symptoms in office work.     

上海地区干部健康体检胸部肿瘤的X线分析

目的回顾性分析1996年～2000年上海地区干部在我院健康体检胸部肿瘤的检出情况,探讨健康体检在早期发现胸部肿瘤的意义和方法。方法全部病例均经电视透视发现胸部异常阴影后,再摄取胸部正侧位片,并进一步进行各种检查初步明确诊断,经随访、手术及病理证实。结果被检出的160例胸部肿瘤中,肺恶性肿瘤87例,肺良性肿瘤23例,纵膈肿瘤45例,胸壁横膈肿瘤5例。67例周围型肺癌平均瘤体直径2.2cm,≤2cm的早期肺癌38例占56.72%。在电视透视发现的67例周围型肺癌和45例纵膈肿瘤中,分别有25例(37.31%)和21例(46.67%)在胸部平片中不能显示。结论定期胸部健康体检是早期发现胸部肿瘤的主要方法,在干部保健工作中有重要意义。胸部电视透视是健康体检早期发现胸部肿瘤的重要手段,采用肿瘤追踪筛查方法能有效地提高肺部肿瘤检出率。     

关于建设新型智能化社区的思考

笔者通过对智能化社区进行定义,对其内涵、功能进行界定,对我国智能化社区发展状况进行分析之后,提出了目前我国智能化社区建设中存在的问题,针对问题提出了建设新型社区的构想。     

和谐社会与大学生心理健康探析

文章立足构建和谐社会这一时代背景,从环境因素对于大学生心理健康的相关性出发,分析了干扰大学生心理健康的环境因素,并在此基础上提出了构建大学生和谐成才环境的主张与模式。